Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.5: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 5

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya · Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Setting: Ayodhyā palace quarters (Kausalyā’s apartments implied)Places named: Ayodhyā (implied)

Devanagari script

तथैव क्रोशतस्तस्य भरतस्य महात्मनः ।

कौसल्या शब्दमाज्ञाय सुमित्रामिदमब्रवीत् ॥५॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.75.5

Transliteration

tathaiva krośatas tasya bharatasya mahātmanaḥ |

kausalyā śabdam ājñāya sumitrām idam abravīt ||5||

Translation

Tatkala Bharata yang berhati agung terus meratap demikian, Kausalya mengenali suaranya lalu berkata kepada Sumitra kata-kata ini.

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Word by Word

• āgataḥ: has come
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āgata (कृदन्त; √gam ‘गम्’ with ā)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘bharataḥ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• krūra-kāryāyāḥ: of the cruel-deeded (woman)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krūra (प्रातिपदिक) + kāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘क्रूरा कार्याः यस्याः/या’ (woman of cruel deeds)
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Compound: Karmadharaya

• kaikeyyāḥ: of Kaikeyī
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)

• bharatas: Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (पदपाठे ‘भरतः’; संहितायां ‘भरतस्’ before sutaḥ)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• sutaḥ: son
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• tam: him/that
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• aham: I
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• draṣṭum: to see
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश्)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्यय (infinitive), ‘to see’
• Role: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)

• icchāmi: I wish
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (इष्)
• Form: लट्, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
• Role: Kriyā (क्रिया)

• bharatam: Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘tam’ इत्यस्य अप्पोजिशन (apposition)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• dīrgha-darśinam: far-sighted
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक) + darśin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘दीर्घं दर्शी’ (far-sighted)
• Role: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Compound: Karmadharaya

Sandhi Notes

• भरतस्सुतः = भरतः सुतः (visarga sandhi: ḥ + s → ss)
• तमहं = तम् अहम्
• द्रष्टुमिच्छामि = द्रष्टुम् इच्छामि

Context

As magnanimous Bharata was wailing, Kausalya recognised his voice and said to Sumitra:

The teaching

In calamity, recognition and communication among elders becomes the first step toward collective response.

Ethical theme

Family solidarity (kula-saṅgraha)

For your practice

Mindfulness of speech and listening (śravaṇa) in grief; compassionate presence.

Mood and themes

Rasa

Karuna (compassion), with Shanta (peace)

Mood

Wailing, maternal, foreboding

Themes

• Itihasa
• Śoka (grief)
• Dharma (family duty context)
• Narrative transition

Symbolism

Relationships

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalya
• Sumitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is implicit in familial responsiveness: elders recognize suffering and move to counsel and act appropriately within a crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata’s lament is heard; Kausalya identifies his voice and initiates a conversation with Sumitra, shifting the scene to maternal response.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kausalya’s attentiveness and maternal concern—she immediately recognizes Bharata’s distress and responds.