Valmiki Ramayana 2.59.15: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 15

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

Devanagari script

देव राजरथं दृष्ट्वा विना राममिहागतम्।दुःखादश्रुमुखस्सर्वो राजमार्गगतो जनः।।2.59.15।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.59.15

Transliteration

deva rājarathaṃ dṛṣṭvā vinā rāmam ihāgatam |

duḥkhād aśru-mukhaḥ sarvo rāja-mārga-gato janaḥ ||2.59.15||

Translation

Wahai Tuanku, melihat kereta diraja tiba di sini tanpa Rama, seluruh rakyat yang berhimpun di jalan besar raja dilanda dukacita, wajah mereka basah oleh air mata.

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Word by Word

• deva: O lord
• deva: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• rāja-ratham: royal chariot
• rāja-ratham: Karma (कर्म/object of dṛṣṭvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyā (क्रिया; pūrvakāla)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; अव्ययकृदन्त)

• vinā: without
• vinā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: Preposition-like indeclinable (उपपद); governs accusative

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Apādāna (अपादान; separation/absence with vinā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• iha: here
• iha: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• āgatam: arrived/come
• āgatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with rāja-ratham

• duḥkhāt: from grief/due to sorrow
• duḥkhāt: Hetu (हेतु/cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); cause/source

• aśru-mukhaḥ: tear-faced
• aśru-mukhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśru (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); bahuvrīhi: ‘whose face has tears’

• sarvaḥ: all/entire
• sarvaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with janaḥ

• rāja-mārga-gataḥ: standing on the royal road
• rāja-mārga-gataḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + mārga (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (कृदन्त; √gam गम्, क्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); ‘gone to/on the royal road’

• janaḥ: the people
• janaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); collective

Context

When the women from mansions, seven-storied buildings and from royal palaces saw the chariot without Rama, they, overwhelmed with sorrow, cried, 'Alas, Alas!'.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Ayodhya (implied by ‘here’ and royal road context)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as the moral bond between ruler, prince, and people: Rama’s absence is felt as a rupture in righteous order, producing collective sorrow.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra describes Ayodhya’s reaction when the chariot returns without Rama after the exile begins.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The people’s loyalty and love for Rama, reflecting recognition of his righteous character.