Valmiki Ramayana 2.5.13 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 5, Shloka 13

अभिषेकोपवास-आदेशः

Coronation Preparations and the Fast Enjoined

Devanagari script

सुहृद्भिस्तत्र रामोऽपि सहासीनः प्रियंवदैः।सभाजितो विवेशाऽथ ताननुज्ञाप्य सर्वशः।।।।

Transliteration

suhṛdbhis tatra rāmo 'pi sahāsīnaḥ priyaṃvadaiḥ |

sabhājito viveśātha tān anujñāpya sarvaśaḥ ||

Translation

Di sana, Rāma juga duduk seketika bersama sahabat-sahabatnya yang bertutur manis; setelah dimuliakan dalam segala cara, baginda pun memohon izin kepada mereka lalu masuk ke ruang peribadinya.

Word by Word

• suhṛdbhiḥ: with friends
• suhṛdbhiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: there)

• rāmaḥ: Rāma
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (also/even)

• saha-āsīnaḥ: seated together (with them)
• saha-āsīnaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saha (अव्यय) + āsīna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव (‘together-seated’); āsīna = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP from ās ‘to sit’); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of rāmaḥ)

• priyaṃvadaiḥ: by pleasant-speaking (friends)
• priyaṃvadaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priyaṃvada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (‘speaking pleasantly’); पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (of suhṛdbhiḥ)

• sabhājitaḥ: having been honored
• sabhājitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sabhāj (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (PPP); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि (having been honored)

• viveśa: entered
• viveśa: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-viś (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• tān: them
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• anujñāpya: having taken leave
• anujñāpya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-jñā (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having taken leave/asked permission’

• sarvaśaḥ: in all ways
• sarvaśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvaśaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (in every way)

Context

The residence of Rama, full of cheerful men and women, looked splendid like a lake with full-blown lotuses flocked by multitudes of intoxicated birds.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā (proper conduct) in social life: honoring others, receiving honor without arrogance, and taking respectful leave—dharma expressed as refined interpersonal ethics.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, after sitting with friends and being honored, politely departs and goes into his residence.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s humility and courteous self-restraint in public and private transitions.