Valmiki Ramayana 2.45.19: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 19

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः · The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

द्विजातींस्तु पदातींस्तान् रामश्चारित्रवत्सलः ।

न शशाक घृणाचक्षुः परिमोक्तुं रथेन सः ॥१९॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.45.19

Transliteration

dvijātīṃs tu padātīṃs tān rāmaś cāritra-vatsalaḥ |

na śaśāka ghṛṇā-cakṣuḥ parimoktuṃ rathena saḥ ||19||

Translation

Namun Rāma, yang mencintai keluhuran budi dan bermata belas kasih, tidak sanggup terus menaiki rata lalu meninggalkan para brāhmaṇa itu berjalan kaki di belakang.

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Word by Word

• dvijātīn: brahmins (twice-born)
• dvijātīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvijāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विरोध/अन्वय

• padātīn: on foot
• padātīn: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: padāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण of dvijātīn

• tān: those
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction: 'and')

• cāritravatsalaḥ: fond of probity
• cāritravatsalaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cāritra + vatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (चारित्रे वत्सलः = 'fond of good conduct'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of rāmaḥ

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध

• śaśāka: was able
• śaśāka: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śak (शक् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ghṛṇā-cakṣuḥ: compassionate-eyed
• ghṛṇā-cakṣuḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghṛṇā + cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास ('one whose eyes are compassionate'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of rāmaḥ

• parimoktum: to leave, abandon
• parimoktum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√muc (मुच् धातु) + tumun (तुमुन्)
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), अव्ययभाव; प्रयोजन (purpose): 'to release/leave'

• rathena: by the chariot
• rathena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Rama a man of probity and compassion could not ride off in his chariot while those brahmins were trudging far behind.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• brahmins (dvijāti)
• chariot

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Leadership in dharma requires empathy and equality in hardship: Rama will not accept comfort if it means abandoning devoted, suffering followers.

What is the narrative situation?

Brahmins are following on foot; Rama refrains from riding ahead in the chariot so as not to leave them behind.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s compassion and commitment to moral propriety (cāritra).