Valmiki Ramayana 2.44.2: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 2

सुमित्रोपदेशः

Sumitra’s Consolation to Kausalya

Devanagari script

तवार्ये सद्गुणैर्युक्तः पुत्र स्स पुरुषोत्तमः।किं ते विलपितेनैवं कृपणं रुदितेन वा।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.44.2

Transliteration

tavārye sadguṇair yuktaḥ putraḥ sa puruṣottamaḥ | kiṃ te vilapitenaivaṃ kṛpaṇaṃ ruditena vā ||

Translation

Wahai wanita mulia, puteramu ialah insan utama, dihiasi segala kebajikan sejati. Apakah gunanya meratap begini, atau menangis dengan lemah tidak berdaya?

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Word by Word

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन (Singular), सर्वनाम (Pronoun)

• आर्ये: O noble lady
• आर्ये: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सद्गुणैः: with good qualities
• सद्गुणैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सद्गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः सद्+गुण (कर्मधारय)

• युक्तः: endowed
• युक्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past Passive Participle/कृत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; अर्थः ‘endowed/connected’

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• सः: that/he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (Pronoun)

• पुरुषोत्तमः: best of men
• पुरुषोत्तमः: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष+उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पुरुषाणाम् उत्तमः)

• किम्: what (use)
• किम्: Prayojana/Hetu-prashna (प्रयोजन-प्रश्न)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative)

• ते: for you/to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• विलपितेन: by lamentation
• विलपितेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विलपित (प्रातिपदिक; विलप्-धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; भाववाचक (act of lamenting)

• एवम्: thus/in this way
• एवम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• कृपणम्: piteously
• कृपणम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कृपण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative/अव्ययवत् प्रयोग); अर्थः ‘piteously’

• रुदितेन: by weeping
• रुदितेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुदित (प्रातिपदिक; रुद्-धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; भाववाचक (weeping)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक निपात (disjunctive particle ‘or’)

Context

My venerable lady, your son Rama is the greatest among men and is endowed with every virtue. Why do you lament in this way? Why do you weep bitterly?

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Kausalya
• Sumitra (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes emotional discipline: grief is natural, but one should not collapse into despair when the righteous remain protected by virtue and truth.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalya mourns after Rama’s exile; Sumitra (or an elder) counsels her to restrain excessive lamentation by recalling Rama’s excellence.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sadguṇa-yoga (possession of virtues) in Rama, and dhairya (steadfastness) urged in Kausalya.