Atharva Veda 9.10.22: Kanda 9, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 22

Sukta 10

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कृ॒ष्णं नि॒यानं॒ हर॑यः सुप॒र्णा अ॒पो वसा॑ना॒ दिव॒मुत्प॑तन्ति । तं आव॑वृत्र॒न्त्सद॑नादृ॒तस्यादिद् घृ॒तेन॑ पृथि॒वीं व्यूऽदुः

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 9.10.22

IAST Transliteration

kṛṣṇáṃ niyā́naṃ háryaḥ supárṇā ápo vásānā dívam útpata nti | táṃ āvavṛtrán sádanād ṛtásyā́d íd ghṛténa pṛthivī́ṃ ví ūduḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

The tawny, fair-winged powers, robed in waters, spring aloft to heaven. That black restraint they overcame from the seat of Order; then verily with ghee they opened and anointed the Earth.

Translation

Kuasa-kuasa keemasan, bersayap elok, bersalut air, melompat tinggi ke langit. Kekang hitam itu mereka atasi dari singgahsana ṛta; lalu sesungguhnya, dengan ghee (ghṛta) mereka membuka dan mengurapi Bumi.

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Word by Word

• कृष्णम्: black/dark (one/thing)
• कृष्णम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• नियानम्: leading/guide; that which leads
• नियानम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियान (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरयः: the tawny ones; (often) horses
• हरयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुपर्णाः: having good wings; winged (ones)
• सुपर्णाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: waters
• अपः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसानाः: wearing; clothed (in)
• वसानाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Participle (present, active)
• Root: √वस् (वस्—आच्छादने) + शानच्

• दिवम्: heaven; the sky
• दिवम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव)

• उत्पतन्ति: they fly up; they rise
• उत्पतन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + √पत् (पत्—गत्यर्थे)

• तम्: him/that
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• आ: towards; unto (as preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• आववृत्रन्: they encompassed; they covered
• आववृत्रन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + √वृत् (वृत्—वरणे/आवरणे) ; (लुङ्)

• सदनात्: from the seat/dwelling
• सदनात्: अपादान
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदन (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta; of cosmic order/truth
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• आदित्: then indeed; just then
• आदित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + इत् (निपात)

• घृतेन: with ghee; by clarified butter
• घृतेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथिवीम्: the earth
• पृथिवीम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यूऽदुः: they opened out; they spread apart
• व्यूऽदुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + उद् + √अ (अ—गत्यर्थे/प्रापणे) ; (लुङ्)

Attribution

Rishi: As for AV 9.10 (speculative Atharvanic tradition; anukramaṇī needed for precision)

Devata: Āpaḥ / Sūrya-like supárṇas; Ṛta as governing principle

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (needs metrical verification by syllable count)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: adbhuta