Rig Veda 9.93.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 93, Mantra 4
Sukta 9.93
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Adbhuta (wonder)
स नो देवेभिः पवमान रदेन्दो रयिमश्विनं वावशानः । रथिरायतामुशती पुरंधिरस्मद्र्यगा दावने वसूनाम् ॥
sá no devébhiḥ pavamāna rádéndo rayím aśvínam vāvaśānáḥ | rathirāyátām uśatī́ purandhír asmadryàg ā́ dā́vane vásūnām ||
ಹೇ ಪವಮಾನ ಇಂದೂ, ದೇವರೊಂದಿಗೆ ನಮಗೆ ಆ ರಯಿಯನ್ನು ದಯಪಾಲಿಸು—ಅಶ್ವಿನ (ವೇಗವಂತ) ಮತ್ತು ದೀಪ್ತಿಮಂತ, ಆತ್ಮಕ್ಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟವಾದದು. ಉತ್ಸುಕ ಪುರಂಧಿ (ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿ) ರಥದಂತೆ ನಮ್ಮತ್ತ ಓಡಿಬರಲಿ, ಸತ್ಯ ವಸುಗಳ ದಾನಕ್ಕಾಗಿ.
Word by Word
- सः
- he (that one)Pronounपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot तद् (स-आदेशः)
- नः
- to us / for usPronounषष्ठी (gen.)/चतुर्थी (dat.) द्विवचन-बहुवचन-प्रयोगेषु; अत्र ‘अस्माकम्/अस्मभ्यम्’ (contextual)Role SampradānaRoot अस्मद्
- देवेभिः
- with the godsNounपुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया, बहुवचनम्Role KaraṇaRoot देव
- पवमान
- O purifying one (Soma)Adjective (participle)पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् (सम्बोधनार्थे प्रयोगः)Role KartāRoot पव् (धातु) → पवमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्ययः; present participle middle)
- रदे
- in/at the tooth (i.e., in the pressing/chewing; figurative)Nounपुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम् (वेदिक-रूप)Role AdhikaraṇaRoot रद (दन्त) / रद- (प्रातिपदिक)
- इन्दो
- O Indu (Soma-drop)Nounपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन, एकवचनम्Role SambodhanaRoot इन्दु
- रयिम्
- wealthNounपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्Role KarmaRoot रयि
- अश्विनम्
- having horses; horse-richAdjectiveपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्Role KarmaRoot अश्विन्
- वावशानः
- eagerly desiring / strivingAdjective (participle)पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot वा√वश् (वश्/वश् ‘इच्छ्/काम्’), desiderative/intensive-like reduplication; participle
- रथिरायता
- moving with chariots / chariot-borneAdjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot रथिर (रथयुक्त/रथसम्बद्ध) + आयत (आ√यम् ‘to extend/come’) → रथिर-आयत
- उशती
- desiring, eagerAdjective (participle)स्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot उशत् (उश् ‘to desire’) → उशती (स्त्री. शतृ)
- पुरंधिः
- bounty; liberality (personified)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot पुरंधि
- अस्मत्
- from usPronounपञ्चमी, एकवचन/बहुवचन-भाव (ablative ‘from us’)Role ApādānaRoot अस्मद्
- र्यगा
- coming/going swiftly (towards)Adjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role KartāRoot ऋ√यग्/यग् (वेदिक ‘to go/come, move swiftly’) → र्यग (kṛdanta/adj.)
- दावने
- for giving, for bestowalNoun (verbal noun)नपुंसकलिङ्गः, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्Role SampradānaRoot दा (धातु) → दावन (gift, giving) / दावने (dat.)
- वसूनाम्
- of goods/treasuresNounनपुंसकलिङ्गः, षष्ठी, बहुवचनम्Role SambandhaRoot वसु
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (pada-style): स नो देवेभिः पवमान रदे इन्दो रयिम् अश्विनम् वावशानः । रथिरायता उशती पुरंधिः अस्मत् र्यगा दावने वसूनाम् ॥ Notable: (1) दे॒वेभि॑: = देवेभिः (visarga for ḥ)
- (2) र॒देन्दो॑ → रदे + इन्दो (vowel sandhi e+a/i → e)
- (3) र॒यिम॒श्विनं॑ → रयिम् + अश्विनम् (final m + initial a; written together in saṃhitā)
- (4) पुरं॑धिरस्म॒द्र्य१॒॑गा → पुरंधिः + अस्मत् + र्यगा (ḥ + a → r (jihvāmūlīya/visarga sandhi in saṃhitā orthography); cluster simplified in saṃhitā)
The meaning
Outer meaning
O Indu, purifying, with the gods give us wealth that is swift (aśvina), and let the desired plenitude come driving toward us for the giving of treasures.
Inner meaning
Purified Soma, allied with the divine powers (devebhiḥ), is asked to bestow ‘rayi’—not mere possessions but luminous abundance of capacities. ‘Aśvina’ indicates swift, effective vital-energy and luminous movement (the Ashvins’ quality): a wealth that arrives as healing speed and right action. ‘Puraṃdhi’ (plenitude, the fullness that ‘fills the citadel’) is invoked to come rathirāyatām—driving like a chariot—toward the seeker, so that true ‘vasūni’ (stable luminous powers/treasures) may be given and established in the being.
Universal truth
When delight-consciousness is purified and harmonized with higher powers, it turns into swift practical force and plenitude: inner wealth arrives as effective movement, healing clarity, and stable values that can be shared and embodied.
Themes
boon request, spiritual wealth, abundance (Purandhi), Soma with the gods
The seer
- Other hymns
- Rig Veda 9.93.3, Rig Veda 9.93.5
Family tradition
Pavamāna hymns often speak in a collective voice of the sacrificers; the ‘seer’ is the inspired aspiration (vāvaśānaḥ) rising through the Soma rite.
Significance
Represents the seeking of integral prosperity: not ascetic negation, but purified delight bringing swift power and plenitude under divine collaboration.
The deity
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna (Indu)
- Epithets
- pavamāna, indu, radá (giver; bestower), vāvaśāna (eager/ardent)
- Related deities
- Ashvins, Indra, Agni, Maruts
Cosmic role
Distributor of ‘rayi’ through divine agencies; energizer of right movement; supporter of plenitude.
Inner power
Ananda that becomes dynamic abundance—swift vitality and organized fullness (puraṃdhi).
In ritual
Where it is used
Soma pavamāna chanting during purification/pressing
स नो॑ दे॒वेभि॑: पवमान र॒देन्दो॑ र॒यिम॒श्विनं॑ वावशा॒नः । र॒थि॒रा॒यता॑मुश॒ती पुरं॑धिरस्म॒द्र्य१॒॑गा दा॒वने॒ वसू॑नाम् ॥
सः । नः॒ । दे॒वेभिः॑ । प॒व॒मा॒न॒ । र॒द॒ । इन्दो॒ इति॑ । र॒यिम् । अ॒श्विन॑म् । वा॒व॒शा॒नः । र॒थि॒रा॒यता॑म् । उ॒श॒ती । पुर॑म्ऽधिः । अ॒स्म॒द्र्य॑क् । आ । दा॒वने॑ । वसू॑नाम् ॥
saḥ | naḥ | devebhiḥ | pavamāna | rada | indo iti | rayim | aśvinam | vāvaśānaḥ | rathirāyatām | uśatī | puram-dhiḥ | asmadryak | ā | dāvane | vasūnām
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4 x ~12
Forward-driving, ‘chariot-like’ propulsion; suited to invocation for descent of plenitude.
Energizes aspiration; evokes a sense of rapid approach of help and abundance.
- पवमान (pavamāna)
- Literal: purifying. Symbolic: process of inner clarification—desire and emotion refined into luminous delight
- इन्दो (indo)
- Literal: O bright drop. Symbolic: invoked Ananda-power that can descend into mind-life
- देवेभिः (devebhiḥ)
- Literal: with the gods. Symbolic: in harmony with higher faculties—illumined mind, will, truth-forces
- रयिम् (rayim)
- Literal: wealth. Symbolic: abundance of inner resources—light, strength, joy, capacity
- अश्विनम् (aśvinam)
- Literal: pertaining to Ashvins; horse-like, swift. Symbolic: swift luminous vitality; effective action-force and healing movement
- पुरंधिः (puraṃdhiḥ)
- Literal: plenitude; fullness. Symbolic: integral abundance that fills and organizes the inner ‘city’ (psyche)
- रथिरायताम् (rathirāyatām)
- Literal: let it come chariot-driven. Symbolic: a forceful, directed descent—organized dynamism toward the sadhaka
- वसू नाम् (vasūnām)
- Literal: of treasures. Symbolic: stable luminous powers/values to be established in life
Petition verse within Soma hymns: request for rayi/vasu as Soma is offered to gods. Inner sense: invocation for swift plenitude and the descent of abundance-power (Purandhi) into the seeker.
As Soma is strained and offered; to invoke prosperity and divine cooperation.
Stotra praising Soma as giver of rayi/vasu; aligns offering with desired boons.
Chant before work or service: intention-setting for ‘swift luminous wealth’—clarity, skill, supportive circumstances—under higher guidance.
rayi denotes wealth as fullness and capacity; from √rā/rai semantic field of ‘possession, abundance’. purandhi (puruṃ-dhī) literally ‘placing/filling much’ (dhī/√dhā): abundance that builds the inner city of being. rathirā- intensifies speed and effective arrival: spiritual wealth must become dynamic realization, not static concept.
Rayi as fullness of being, divine giving (dāna) as descent of power, companionship of gods (collective divine action)
Implied by ‘with the gods’ and the ordered ‘chariot-driven’ approach—abundance that comes by right alignment, not by grasping.
True treasures (vasūni) as enduring realities, not transient gains.
Descent of plenitude into the ‘city’ of the being (puraṃdhi) enabling manifestation.
Integral yoga reading: prosperity as a function of purified delight and divine alignment.
Chariot/horse = directed vital dynamism; Soma-stream = purified delight; treasures = stabilized inner powers.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The bestowal of rayi by Soma ‘with the gods’ and the coming of Purandhi toward the sacrificer: the mythologem of divine abundance descending as a dynamic, chariot-driven power—plenitude that arrives and acts.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √dā ‘give’ (dā́vane) is PIE *deh₃- (cf. Latin dō ‘I give’, Greek dídōmi). The ‘chariot’ imagery (ratha) is a classic IE poetic vehicle for power and swift realization.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi asks not for material gain but for rayi and vasu as inner substance and capacity, mediated ‘with the gods’. Soma is invoked as the channel that converts offering into realized abundance; Purandhi is the responding power that moves toward the seeker to effect the giving.
Invoke purified delight to reorganize life-force into swift, luminous effectiveness and plenitude.
manipura (directed dynamism) with support from anahata (harmonized giving/receiving)
brisk-then-settle: 6 rounds of slightly stronger exhale to ‘drive’ energy, then 3 slow rounds to receive
active clarity—enthusiastic but governed by higher alignment.
Chant 12 times; on each repetition, feel a ‘chariot’ of orderly force approaching from above/within, bringing one concrete inner treasure: clarity, courage, skill, calm, or joy.
Tri-svara; emphasize the vocatives pavamāna, indo with clear udātta lift; keep the cadence driving in the second pāda.
Let rathirāyatām carry a forward momentum; avoid clipping long vowels (ā, ī, ū).
Devebhiḥ: final ḥ lightly aspirated, Aśvinam: ś is palatal; keep short a at start, Puraṃdhiḥ: nasal ṃ before dh; dh is aspirated, Asmadryak: cluster -dry- articulate cleanly (d+r+y) without extra vowel
bright, invoking, slightly more projected than meditative; end each pāda with steadiness.
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