Atharva Veda 13.3.21 - Kanda 13, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 21

Various Rishis

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Atharva Veda 13.3.21: Kanda 13, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 21

Sukta 3

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

नि॒म्रुच॑स्ति॒स्रो व्युषो॑ ह ति॒स्रस्त्रीणि॒ रजां॑सि॒ दिवो॑ अ॒ङ्ग ति॒स्रः । वि॒द्मा ते॑ अग्ने त्रे॒धा ज॒नित्रं॑ त्रे॒धा दे॒वानां॑ जनि॑मानि विद्म॒ तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ । क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑ । उद् वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न्

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 13.3.21

IAST Transliteration

ní-mrúcás tisró vyúṣo ha tisrás trī́ṇi rájāṃsi dívo aṅgá tisráḥ | vidmá te agne trédhā janítram trédhā devā́nāṃ janímāni vidmá tásya devásya | kruddhásyáitád ā́go yá eváṃ vidvā́ṃsaṃ brāhmaṇáṃ jinā́ti | úd vepaya rohita prá kṣiṇīhi brahmajyásya práti muñca pā́śān ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Three are the downward darkenings, three the dawn-breakings; three, forsooth, the regions—three of heaven, O surely. We know, O Agni, thy threefold birthplace; threefold we know the births of the Gods—of that God. This is the offence against the wrathful One: whoso, thus knowing, injureth a learned Brahman. Up—make him tremble, O Rohita; waste him away: in requital loose forth the nooses upon the Brahma-hurter.

Translation

ಮೂರು ಇವೆ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಇಳಿಯುವ ಕತ್ತಲೆ-ಛಾಯೆಗಳು, ಮೂರು ಇವೆ ಉಷಸ್ಸಿನ ಉದಯಗಳು; ಮೂರುವೇ ಪ್ರದೇಶಗಳು—ಹೇ ಅಙ್ಗ, ದ್ಯೌದ ಮೂರು. ಹೇ ಅಗ್ನಿ, ನಿನ್ನ ತ್ರೇಧಾ ಜನಿತ್ರ (ಜನ್ಮಸ್ಥಾನ)ವನ್ನು ನಾವು ತಿಳಿದಿದ್ದೇವೆ; ದೇವರ ಜನನಗಳನ್ನೂ ತ್ರೇಧಾ—ಆ ದೇವನ—ನಾವು ತಿಳಿದಿದ್ದೇವೆ. ಕ್ರುದ್ಧನಾದ ದೇವನಿಗೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ ಈ ಅಪರಾಧ: ಹೀಗೆ ತಿಳಿದಿದ್ದರೂ ವಿದ್ಯಾವಂತ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣನನ್ನು ಹಿಂಸಿಸುವವನು. ಹೇ ರೋಹಿತ, ಅವನನ್ನು ನಡುಗಿಸು; ಅವನನ್ನು ಕ್ಷೀಣಗೊಳಿಸು; ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಜ್ಯ (ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣಹಿಂಸಕ)ನ ಮೇಲೆ ಪ್ರತಿಫಲವಾಗಿ ಪಾಶಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸು.

Word by Word

निम्रुचः(the) three dawn-lights / dawn-glows

तिस्रःthree

व्युषःdawns / daybreaks

हindeed

तिस्रःthree

त्रीणिthree

रजांसिregions; realms; spaces

दिवःof heaven / of the sky

अङ्गindeed; now

तिस्रःthree

विद्मwe know

तेof you / your

अग्नेO Agni

त्रेधाin three ways

जनित्रम्birthplace; origin; begetting (source)

त्रेधाin three ways

देवानाम्of the gods

जनिमानिbirths; origins

विद्मwe know

तस्यof that

देवस्यof the god

क्रुद्धस्यof the angry (one)

एतत्this

आगःsin; offense

यःwho

एवम्thus

विद्वांसम्a knowing one; learned

ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin

जिनातिharms; overpowers

उत्up; forth

वेपयmake (him) tremble

रोहितO Rohita (the Red one; a deity/solar form)

प्रforth; forward

क्षिणीहिdestroy; make waste away

ब्रह्मज्यस्यof the brahma-slayer / of the one who wrongs a Brahmin

प्रतिback; against

मुञ्चrelease; loosen

पाशान्nooses; bonds

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (hymn complex associated with Brahman-protection; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī)

Devata: Agni; Rohita (solar/royal punitive power); the ‘kruddha deva’ backing brahmanical sanctity

Chandas: Mixed/irregular (predominantly triṣṭubh-jagatī cadence in extended pādas; refrain-like abhicaric close)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: bhayankara

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