Rig Veda Sukta 172
Mandala 10Sukta 1724 Mantras

Sukta 172

Sukta 10.172

આ ટૂંકું સૂક્ત ઉષા (પ્રભાત)ના આગમનને જીવન અને યજ્ઞ માટેના યોગ્ય “માર્ગ” (વર્તની)ના પુનઃઉદ્ઘાટન સાથે જોડે છે: અંધકાર દૂર થાય છે, કિરણો/ગાયો એકત્ર થાય છે, અને કાર્ય ફરીથી વ્યવસ્થિત ગતિમાં પ્રવર્તે છે. તે નવજીવનને એક તરફ બ્રહ્માંડિય ઘટના તરીકે (ઉષા પ્રકાશ પુનઃસ્થાપિત કરે છે) અને બીજી તરફ વિધિ–માનસિક ક્રિયા તરીકે (યજ્ઞમાં અને ચેતનામાં સતતતાનો “સૂતર” ફરી સ્થાપિત કરવો) રજૂ કરે છે.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.172

Mantras

Mantra 1

आ याहि वनसा सह गावः सचन्त वर्तनिं यदूधभिः ॥

આ, વનસા સહ અહીં આવ; ગાવો (પ્રકાશમય કિરણો) ઊધભિઃ પરિપૂર્ણ થઈ, માર્ગ (વર્તનિ)ને જોડાઈ અનુસરે—જ્યારે આંતરિક પોષણના સ્ત્રોતો વહેવા લાગે.

Mantra 2

आ याहि वस्व्या धिया मंहिष्ठो जारयन्मखः सुदानुभिः ॥

આવો—વસ્વી (સમૃદ્ધ) ધિયા સાથે; હે મહિષ્ઠ, અતિ-ઉદાર, યજ્ઞને અમારી અંદર પરિપક્વ કરનાર; સુદાનુભિઃ—તમારા શુભ પ્રવાહો સાથે આવો, જે સત્તાને વૃદ્ધિ આપે.

Mantra 3

पितुभृतो न तन्तुमित्सुदानवः प्रति दध्मो यजामसि ॥

પિતુભૃતઃ—પોષક પાનના ધારકો સમા, અમે તંતુને જ યોગ્ય સ્થાને સ્થાપીએ છીએ; હે સુદાનવઃ (ઉદાર શક્તિઓ), અમે તેને દૃઢ કરીએ છીએ અને યજ્ઞ કરીએ છીએ—કર્મની અવિચ્છિન્નતા જોડીને રાખીએ છીએ.

Mantra 4

उषा अप स्वसुस्तमः सं वर्तयति वर्तनिं सुजातता ॥

ઉષા—સુખી બહેન—તમઃ (અંધકાર)ને દૂર હંકારે છે; સુજાતતા (સુજાત શક્તિ) વડે તે વર્તનિં—માર્ગને—ફરી ગતિમાં મૂકે છે, ચેતનાની યાત્રા માટે યોગ્ય ગતિ-પથ પુનઃ સ્થાપે છે.

Inside Sukta 172

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    An invitation to the arriving power of delight and light: the luminous ‘cows’ (rays) are called to assemble and follow the path when their udders are full (abundance ready to flow).

  2. Development

    The hymn shifts from cosmic imagery to ritual-craft language: the sacrificers ‘set the thread’ in place, establishing continuity and right arrangement for the work.

  3. Climax

    Dawn, the auspicious sister, actively drives away darkness and re-sets the path in motion—light is not passive but an ordering power.

  4. Where it settles

    With the path restored and the continuity secured, the world and the rite can proceed in right course—movement, sacrifice, and awareness resume.

The deity: Uṣas

  • In the VedaUṣas is praised as the radiant, well-born sister who dispels tamas (darkness), awakens movement, and sets beings on their way; her coming is marked by the gathering of luminous ‘cows’ (rays) and the restoration of the path (vartani).
  • Cosmic functionShe renews the world each day by re-establishing light, time, and ordered activity—making travel, work, and sacrifice possible again.
  • Inner significanceDawn symbolizes the arising of clarity in the mind: the return of right direction, inspiration, and the steady continuity (‘thread’) of disciplined practice after obscuration or inertia.

The seer

  • Anonym (Rishi unknown / attributed to the Sarvānukramaṇī as ‘Anirdeśya’)This hymn is part of the late, eclectic Mandala 10 corpus where several suktas are transmitted without a fixed seer-name, emphasizing thematic/ritual utility over a single family attribution.

Famous verses

gāvaḥ sacanta vartanim
Verse 10.172.1Sets the hymn’s central metaphor: rays as ‘cows’ gathering on the path, releasing nourishment/abundance—an image of illumination and inner sustenance.Read verse 10.172.1 →
tantum … prati dadhmaḥ
Verse 10.172.3Key ritual-technical pivot: ‘setting the thread’ expresses restoring the correct sequence and continuity of yajña and disciplined action.Read verse 10.172.3 →
uṣā … tamaḥ
Verse 10.172.4Explicit identification of Uṣas and her function: dispelling darkness and reactivating the path—core theological statement of the sukta.Read verse 10.172.4 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Dispeller of darkness (tamas-apahā)
  • Restorer of the path (vartani)
  • Well-born/auspicious power (sujātatā)
  • Awakener of movement and activity
  • Bringer of luminous rays (gāvaḥ as ‘cows’/lights)

Also by this seer

  • RV 10.172 is among these short, self-contained ritual-poetic pieces.

The rite, step by step

  • Perform ācamana/inner settling and face the direction of sunrise (symbolically aligning with Uṣas).
  • Recite the hymn as an invitation for the powers of light to ‘come’ and for the rays (‘cows’) to join the path (RV 10.172.1).
  • Mentally (or ritually) ‘set the thread’—reaffirm the continuity and correctness of the rite, vows, or work (RV 10.172.3).
  • Conclude with a Dawn-focused recitation/meditation on the removal of darkness and the reactivation of the right course (RV 10.172.4).

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) into the fire (if in an agnihotra-like setting)
  • Simple oblations or water offerings at dawn (arghya)
  • Inner offering: intention to restore order, continuity, and right direction

Frequently Asked Questions

The hymn centers on Uṣas (Dawn), who removes darkness and re-establishes the right path for life and ritual activity.

Here “cows” commonly symbolizes luminous rays or powers of light that bring nourishment and clarity, gathering onto the proper course (the path).

It means restoring continuity and correct order—both in the external sacrifice (yajña sequence) and inwardly in one’s steady practice and direction.

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