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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 39

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

मम मातुर्महद्दुःखमतुलं शुभलक्षण।अभिप्रायमविज्ञाय सत्यस्य च शमस्य च।।2.21.39।।

mama mātur mahad duḥkham atulaṃ śubha-lakṣaṇa |

abhiprāyam avijñāya satyasya ca śamasya ca || 2.21.39 ||

Ô Lakṣmaṇa aux signes de bon augure, la douleur de ma mère est immense et sans égale, car elle n’a pas compris le véritable dessein de la vérité et de la maîtrise de soi.

mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
mātuḥof (my) mother
mātuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
mahatgreat
mahat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणं duḥkham प्रति
duḥkhamgrief
duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
atulamincomparable
atulam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootatula (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणं duḥkham प्रति
śubhalakṣaṇaO auspicious one
śubhalakṣaṇa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootśubha-lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः 'auspicious-marked one'
abhiprāyamintention/purport
abhiprāyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootabhiprāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
avijñāyawithout understanding
avijñāya:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi+jñā (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund) with negation prefix a-; 'without understanding'
satyasyaof truth
satyasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
śamasyaof restraint/peace
śamasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootśama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

O Lakshamana of auspicious qualities, since my mother is not aware of the significance of truth and self-restraint, she is overcome with grief, great and incomparable.

R
Rama
K
Kausalya (Rama’s mother)
L
Lakshmana
S
Satya (truth)

FAQs

Rama links dharma to satya (truthfulness) and śama (self-restraint), suggesting that understanding these virtues transforms emotional suffering into principled acceptance.

Rama explains to Lakshmana why Kausalya is overwhelmed—her grief arises from not grasping the deeper ethical purpose behind truth and restraint in this crisis.

Rama’s moral clarity and compassion: he interprets grief through an ethical lens while remaining gentle toward his mother.