Varaha Purana 86.45: Adhyaya 86, Shloka 45

Description of Śākadvīpa and Kuśadvīpa

Cosmographic Geography

Devanagari script

चतुर्थी ह्रादिनी नाम सैव चन्द्रा निगद्यते ।

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 86.45

Transliteration

caturthī hrādinī nāma saiva candrā nigadyate

Translation

Die vierte heißt Hrādinī; derselbe Fluss wird als Candrā verkündet.

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Word by Word

• चतुर्थी: the fourth
• चतुर्थी: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्थी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal adjective)

• ह्रादिनी: Hrādinī (name)
• ह्रादिनी: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ह्रादिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); नाम (proper name)

• नाम: by name
• नाम: सम्बन्ध/नामनिर्देश (Naming marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (quotative/marker of naming)

• सा: she
• सा: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• एव: indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• चन्द्रा: Candrā (name)
• चन्द्रा: समानााधिकरण/नाम (Appositive name)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); नाम (proper name)

• निगद्यते: is called / is stated
• निगद्यते: क्रिया (Verb; passive predication)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + गद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Hydrography
• Ancient Toponyms

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It preserves paired river names and descriptive semantics (cooling/delightful; moon-like), useful for cultural-linguistic studies of hydronyms.

Which geographic location is identified?

A river known as Hrādinī and also as Candrā; no further localization is provided here.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

None explicit; the verse’s role is archival naming of waterways.