Rig Veda 9.110.1: Mandala 9, Sukta 110, Mantra 1
Sukta 9.110
- Rishi
- Pavam01na Soma hymn tradition
- Devata
- Soma Pavam01na
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Adbhuta (wonder)
पर्यू षु प्र धन्व वाजसातये परि वृत्राणि सक्षणिः । द्विषस्तरध्या ऋणया न ईयसे ॥
pary6bd6 63u pr e1 dhanva v01d6as01taye p e1ri v 5btr01 47i sak 63a 47i 25 d6 dvi 63as tar e1dhy01 5b 47ay01 n a02byase d6
Zieh ringsumher und dränge vor zum Gewinn der Fülle; die Hemmnisse umkreisend, hast du die Macht, sie zu meistern. Für uns gehst du jenseits der Hasser, hinüber über Schulden und Minderung.
Word by Word
- परि
- around, all aboutIndeclinableअव्ययRole AdhikaraṇaRoot परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- ऊँ
- indeed; emphatic particleIndeclinableनिपातRoot ऊँ (निपात)
- सु
- well, thoroughlyIndeclinableअव्ययRoot सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- प्र
- forth, forwardIndeclinableअव्ययRoot प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- धन्व
- bow (weapon)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (वेद. रूप: धन्व < धन्वन्)Role KarmaRoot धन्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
- वाजसातये
- for winning the prize/bootyNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी एकवचनRole SampradānaRoot वाजसाति (प्रातिपदिक; वाज + साति)
- परि
- aroundIndeclinableअव्ययRole AdhikaraṇaRoot परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- वृत्राणि
- obstacles; Vṛtra-like foesNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचनRole KarmaRoot वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- सक्षणिः
- the overcoming/prevailing (power); the conquerorNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनRole KartāRoot सक्षणि (प्रातिपदिक)
- द्विषः
- the haters; enemiesNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (वेद. रूप)Role KarmaRoot द्विष् (प्रातिपदिक: द्विष्/द्विष्- ‘enemy’)
- तरध्या
- overpowering, surpassingAdjective(विशेषण) पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन; द्विषः इति विशेष्यस्यRole KarmaRoot तरध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
- ऋणया
- harmful, injuring; bringing lossAdjective(विशेषण) पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन; द्विषः इति विशेष्यस्यRole KarmaRoot ऋणय (प्रातिपदिक)
- नः
- of us; for usPronounषष्ठी बहुवचन (एन्क्लिटिक)Role SampradānaRoot अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
- ईयसे
- you go/approach (towards)Verbलट् (वर्तमान); मध्यम? → वास्तवतः उत्तमपुरुषार्थे न; 2nd sg?; परस्मैपद; रूप: ईयसे = 2nd एकवचन आत्मनेपद/परस्मै? (वेद. प्रयोग: ‘thou goest/approachest’)Role KartāRoot ई (धातु; गत्यर्थ) / इ (वेद. गमन)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (संधि-निरसन): परि । ऊँ । सु । प्र । धन्व । वाजसातये । परि । वृत्राणि । सक्षणिः । द्विषः । तरध्या । ऋणया । नः । ईयसे । टिप्पणी: ‘धन्व’ वेदिक रूप है (धन्वन्-शब्द का पदरूप). ‘वाजसातये’ = वाज + साति (चतुर्थी एकवचन). ‘द्विषः’ वेदिक द्वितीया बहुवचन (शत्रून्/द्विषः). ‘ईयसे’ वेदिक वर्तमान-रूप
- अर्थ ‘त्वं गच्छसि/उपैषि’ (संदर्भतः सोम/पवमान की गति)
The meaning
Outer meaning
Move around and press forward for the winning of plenitude; encompassing the Vṛtras (obstructions), you can master them. You go for us beyond the haters, crossing over debts and diminishments.
Inner meaning
O Pavamāna Soma, circulate through the being and drive forward toward the gain of vāja (plenitudes of power). Encompassing all resistances (vṛtrāṇi), you have the capacity to dominate them. You carry the seeker beyond hostile movements (inner ‘haters’: doubt, inertia, division) and beyond ṛṇa—states of lack, bondage, and diminishing energies—into a freer, richer consciousness.
Universal truth
Spiritual progress requires a circulating purification that both surrounds and masters resistance, carrying consciousness beyond hostility and scarcity into plenitude.
Themes
Vritra-overcoming, Soma as warrior-force, Crossing beyond hostility, Attainment of vāja
The seer
- Rishi
- Pavamāna Soma hymn tradition (RV 9.110)
- Other hymns
- RV 9.110.2, RV 9.110.3, RV 9.110.4
Significance
These verses present Soma as an active yogic force: not only delight but a strategic movement that surrounds resistance, crosses hostile zones, and secures plenitude.
The deity
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
- Epithets
- Pavamāna (purifying), Vāja-sātā (winner of plenitude)
- Related deities
- Indra, Agni, Maruts
Cosmic role
The purifier-current that advances the sacrifice, enabling victory over Vṛtra-forces and restoring abundance in the worlds.
Inner power
A pervasive, forward-driving ānanda-force that neutralizes hostility and heals inner deficit.
In ritual
Where it is used
Pavamāna chants during Soma filtration in Soma-yajña
पर्यू॒ षु प्र ध॑न्व॒ वाज॑सातये॒ परि॑ वृ॒त्राणि॑ स॒क्षणि॑: । द्वि॒षस्त॒रध्या॑ ऋण॒या न॑ ईयसे ॥
परि । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । सु । प्र । ध॒न्व॒ । वाज॑ऽसातये । परि॑ । वृ॒त्राणि॑ । स॒क्षणिः॑ । द्वि॒षः । त॒रध्यै॑ । ऋ॒ण॒ऽयाः । नः॒ । ई॒य॒से॒ ॥
pari | oṃ iti | su | pra | dhanva | vāja-sātaye | pari | vṛtrāṇi | sakṣaṇiḥ | dviṣaḥ | taradhyai | ṛṇa-yāḥ | naḥ | īyase
Likely Triṣṭubh (common for dynamic, martial movement)
44
4 × ~11 syllables (probable)
March-like propulsion with circling ‘pari’ refrains
Energizes will and confidence; creates a sense of protective encirclement and forward momentum.
- परि (pari)
- Literal: around. Symbolic: pervasive movement through all parts of the nature
- प्र धन्व (pra dhanva)
- Literal: press/drive forward. Symbolic: aspiration that pushes the yoga ahead with force
- वाजसातये (vājasātaye)
- Literal: for winning vāja. Symbolic: for attainment of plenitudes: power, light, right enjoyment
- वृत्राणि (vṛtrāṇi)
- Literal: obstructions, Vṛtras. Symbolic: coverings/resistances of the subconscient that block flow
- सक्षणिः (sakṣaṇiḥ)
- Literal: able, competent to overcome. Symbolic: inner capacity of purified delight to master resistance
- द्विषः (dviṣaḥ)
- Literal: haters. Symbolic: hostile forces: doubt, denial, divisive impulses
- ऋणयाः (ṛṇayāḥ)
- Literal: debts, obligations, deficits. Symbolic: diminishment, lack, bondage to lower habit-energy
- ईयसे (īyase)
- Literal: you go, you move. Symbolic: the advancing current of Soma-consciousness leading the march
Soma procession/purification verses used during pressing and chanting of pavam01na stotras.
During the flowing/straining of Soma to invoke victorious advance
Chant as Soma runs through the filter; mentally ‘encircle’ obstacles and push forward
Use before challenging work or inner breakthroughs: chant to establish a protective field and forward drive beyond negativity and scarcity.
v01ja from a semantic field of 'strength, nourishment, prize, plenitude' (not merely food; an achieved fullness of force). v 5btra from √vṛ 'to cover, obstruct' hence 'coverer' (inner: ignorance/resistance). √tṛ 'to cross' in taradhyai (purpose). ṛṇa 'debt' from √ṛ 'to go, move' with semantic development to obligation/binding; inwardly: karmic/psychic deficits that limit free movement. dhanva here functions as an imperative-like push: Somas movement/flow is urged to advance and encompass resistances.
Vṛtra as obstruction of consciousness, Taraṇa (crossing) as inner passage, Rita as right movement regained by overcoming coverers
The movement beyond hostility and deficit is a restoration of ṛta—right circulation of forces.
Truth is experienced as unobstructed progress and regained inner abundance.
Re-establishing flow and plenitude against forces of contraction.
Yoga of purification and conquest (Aurobindo’s ‘battle’ symbolism of inner evolution).
A circulating current of purified delight that creates a protective circumference and drives the being toward abundance.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The overcoming of Vṛtra-like obstructions and the crossing beyond hostile powers to win vāja. Soma is figured as the moving force that surrounds and masters resistances; inwardly, the clarified delight-force advances through the being, encircles the knots of ignorance, and enables the passage into plenitude.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- taradhyai from √tṛ reflects PIE *terh+2- 'to cross over' (cf. Latin trans, English through via Germanic developments). vṛtra as 'coverer' expresses an inherited Indo-European opposition of covering/darkness vs opening/light, mirrored in cognate mythic structures across IE traditions.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rṣi commands/encourages Soma to act as an ally: press forward for our winning. The exchange is pragmatic and psychological: the human offers the Soma-process (discipline and aspiration), Soma in return becomes the force that carries the seeker beyond enmity and inner deficit into victorious fullness.
Feel Soma as a bright circulating current around the whole body-mind; then direct it forward toward one clear aim (vāja).
4-4-6 breathing: inhale (gather/encircle), hold (steady mastery), exhale (push forward beyond hostility)
Dynamic concentration; protected forward movement
Name the ‘vṛtras’ (habit blocks) briefly, then chant while imagining Soma encircling them; on the final phrase, step inwardly beyond the hostile voices into quiet determination.
Maintain Vedic accent discipline (udatta high, anudatta low, svarita falling); exact svara requires accented saṃhitā source.
Let repeated ‘pari’ be clearly articulated; keep consonant clusters crisp to preserve the driving rhythm.
: long ā in vāja; ‘sātaye’ with clear dental t, : retroflex ṛ, clear tr cluster, : ‘dvi’ as a single cluster, not ‘du-vi’, : vocalic ṛ; avoid ‘ri-na’
Firm, martial, forward-leaning tone; steady breath support
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