Rig Veda 8.97.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 97, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.97

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

य इन्द्र सस्त्यव्रतोऽनुष्वापमदेवयुः । स्वैः ष एवैर्मुमुरत्पोष्यं रयिं सनुतर्धेहि तं ततः ॥

Transliteration

yá índra sásty avrátó ’nu-svā́pam ádevayuḥ | sváīḥ sá eváīr mumurat póṣyaṃ rayím sanutár dhehi táṃ tátas ||

Translation

Wer, o Indra, nachlässig ist, ohne Gelübde und ohne rechte Ordnung, im Schlaf versunken, die Götter nicht suchend — der fällt durch seine eigenen Wege ab. Doch den nährenden, gedeihbringenden rayi, den Anteil, setze bei den, der ihn durch wahres Streben gewinnt; lege ihn dort nieder, fern von jenem anderen.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (address)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सस्त्यव्रतः: having a firm/true vow (steadfast in observance)
• सस्त्यव्रतः: Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सस्त्य-व्रत (प्रातिपदिक; समासः)

• अनुष्वापम्: in following-sleep / in a drowsy way (as if asleep)
• अनुष्वापम्: Adhikaraṇa/Prakāra (manner)
• Type: Adverbial (accusative of manner) / Indeclinable-like usage
• Root: अनु-स्वप् (धातु: स्वप् ‘to sleep’; उपसर्गः अनु-)

• अदेवयुः: not seeking the gods; godless/irreverent
• अदेवयुः: Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-देव-यु (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समासः)

• स्वैः: with his own (means/men)
• स्वैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एवैः: with these very (same ones)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Particle-like demonstrative (Vedic) / Pronoun-adjective
• Root: एव (निपात) / एवै (प्रातिपदिक-रूपेण ‘these very’)

• मुमुरत्: perished / died
• मुमुरत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु ‘to die’), desiderative/iterative? here: perfect-like reduplicated stem मु-मुर्

• पोष्यम्: nourishing / to be fostered
• पोष्यम्: Karma (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पोष्य (कृदन्त; √पुष् ‘to thrive, nourish’ → पोष्य ‘to be nourished/that which nourishes’)

• रयिम्: wealth, riches
• रयिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनुतर्: more and more; ever further
• सनुतर्: Adhikaraṇa/Prakāra (degree/manner)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverb)
• Root: सनुतर् (अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण; comparative of सनु ‘old, former’ in Vedic sense ‘more and more/ever’)

• धेहि: place/bestow (give)
• धेहि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb (imperative)
• Root: धा (धातु ‘to put, place, bestow’)

• तम्: that (him/it)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ततः: from there; thence
• ततः: Apādāna (source) / Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रभव अव्यय)