Rig Veda 7.78.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 78, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.78

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (probable)

Devata: Uṣas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अचेति दिवो दुहिता मघोनी विश्वे पश्यन्त्युषसं विभातीम् । आस्थाद्रथं स्वधया युज्यमानमा यमश्वासः सुयुजो वहन्ति ॥

Transliteration

áceti divó duhitā́ maghónī víśve paśyanty uṣásaṃ vibhātī́m | ā́sthād ráthaṃ svadháyā yujyámānam ā́ yám áśvāsaḥ suyújo váhanti ||

Translation

Erwacht ist die freigebige Tochter des Himmels; alle schauen die strahlende Uṣas. Sie bestieg den Wagen, durch ihre eigene Kraft (svadhā) angeschirrt; und die wohlangespannten Kräfte tragen sie dahin.

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Word by Word

• अचेति: has appeared / has become manifest
• अचेति: Kartā (with subject ‘उषा/दिवो दुहिता’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (citi ‘to perceive/notice; to appear as noticed’)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation) to ‘दुहिता’
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ ‘sky, heaven’)

• दुहिता: daughter
• दुहिता: Kartā (subject of अचेति) / also of विभातीम् (as Uṣas)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (prātipadika ‘daughter’)

• मघोनी: the bountiful (one)
• मघोनी: Viśeṣaṇa of Kartā
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मघोनी (prātipadika; epithet ‘bountiful, rich in gifts’)

• विश्वे: all (beings/people)
• विश्वे: Kartā (subject of पश्यन्ति)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective used substantively
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika ‘all’)

• पश्यन्ति: see
• पश्यन्ति: Kriyā (with kartā ‘विश्वे’ and karma ‘उषसम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश् (to see)

• उषसम्: Dawn (Uṣas)
• उषसम्: Karma (object of पश्यन्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika ‘Dawn, Uṣas’)

• विभातीम्: shining forth
• विभातीम्: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the object) / also indicates action ‘shining forth’
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: √भा (to shine) with vi-

• आस्थात्: mounted / stood upon
• आस्थात्: Kriyā (kartā = Uṣas implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (to stand) with ā-

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma (object of आस्थात्: ‘mounted the chariot’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika ‘chariot’)

• स्वधया: by her own power
• स्वधया: Karaṇa (means: ‘by/with her own power/impulse’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (prātipadika ‘own power/impulse; inherent might; (also) ritual ‘svadhā’)

• युज्यमानम्: being yoked / being harnessed
• युज्यमानम्: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of ‘रथम्’: ‘being yoked/being harnessed’)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present passive participle)
• Root: √युज् (to yoke) (passive/ātmanepada participial formation)

• आ: hither / towards
• आ: — (modifies verb वहन्ति: ‘hither/unto’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (preverb/indeclinable)

• यम्: which
• यम्: Karma (relative object of वहन्ति; refers to रथम्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• अश्वासः: horses
• अश्वासः: Kartā (subject of वहन्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (prātipadika ‘horse’)

• सुयुजः: well-yoked
• सुयुजः: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + युज् (prātipadika ‘well-yoked, well-harnessed’)

• वहन्ति: carry / convey
• वहन्ति: Kriyā (kartā = अश्वासः; karma = यम्/रथम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (to carry, convey)