Rig Veda 5.61.19 — Mandala 5, Sukta 61, Mantra 19

Sukta 5.61

Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya (traditional for RV 5.61)

Devata: Maghavān (likely Indra as the bounteous power); also linked with ratha-vīti motif

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; short verse)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एष क्षेति रथवीतिर्मघवा गोमतीरनु । पर्वतेष्वपश्रितः ॥

Transliteration

eṣá kṣéti rátha-vītir maghávā gómātīr ánu | párvateṣv ápa-śritaḥ ||

Translation

Dies ist der beständige Wagenlauf des Freigebigen (Maghavān): er folgt den leuchtenden »Kühen« (Strahlen), an die Höhen der Berge gelehnt.

Word by Word

• एषः: this (one), he
• एषः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → एष-

• क्षेति: dwells, abides
• क्षेति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √क्षि (क्षि निवासे/क्षये) — here: ‘to dwell, abide’

• रथवीतिः: the chariot-advancer / one whose course is by chariot
• रथवीतिः: कर्तृ (एषः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समासपद-नाम)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: रथ- + वीतिः (√वी ‘to pursue/seek’ → वीतिः ‘pursuit, course, way’; RV usage: ‘chariot-course/advance’)

• मघवा: the bountiful one (Maghavan/Indra)
• मघवा: कर्तृ (एषः इत्यस्य विशेषण)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, generous’—epithet esp. of Indra)

• गोमतीः: cow-rich (ones), rich in cattle
• गोमतीः: कर्म (अनु इत्यस्य सह—‘along/after’ whom/which)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: गोमत् (गौ + मतुप्) ‘possessing cows, rich in cattle’

• अनु: after, along, following
• अनु: उपपद-सम्बन्धः (अनुगमन/अनुसरण-अर्थे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पर्वतेषु: on/among the mountains
• पर्वतेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपश्रितः: having taken refuge/settled (there); resting (apart)
• अपश्रितः: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: अप- + √श्रि (श्रि सेवायाम्/आश्रये) → श्रित (क्त) ‘resting/leaning’; with अप- ‘away/off’