Rig Veda 5.53.15: Mandala 5, Sukta 53, Mantra 15
Sukta 5.53
Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya
Devata: Maruts
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सुदेवः समहासति सुवीरो नरो मरुतः स मर्त्यः । यं त्रायध्वे स्याम ते ॥
Transliteration
su-deváḥ samahāsati su-vī́ro naro marutaḥ sá mártyaḥ | yáṁ trā́yadhve syā́ma té ||
Translation
Er wird gottgesegnet und weit in der Freude, er wird reich an heldischer Kraft, o Maruts—jener Sterbliche, den ihr beschützt. Mögen wir der Eure sein.
Word by Word
सुदेवःthe good/divine one; well-godlike
सुदेवः:
Kartā (of implied ‘is/exists’) / predicate-nominative
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसु-देव (प्रातिपदिक: देव ‘god’ with उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद सु- ‘good’)
सःhe; that one
सः:
Kartā / anaphoric subject
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
महासतिin great abundance; in greatness
महासति:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in/with great(ness)’)
TypeNoun (locative adverbial)
Rootमहा + अस् (धातु ‘to be’) → महा-असति (loc. sg. of a stem meaning ‘great being/abundance’; Vedic locative in -i)
सुवीरःhaving good heroes; very heroic
सुवीरः:
Kartā / predicate-nominative
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसु-वीर (प्रातिपदिक: वीर ‘hero/man’ with सु- ‘good’)
नरःmen; heroes
नरः:
Kartā (vocative-like address in sense; formally nominative plural) / apposition to Maruts
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
Kartā (addressed/identified as subject)
TypeNoun (deity-name)
Rootमरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā / resumptive ‘he’
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
मर्त्यःa mortal
मर्त्यः:
Kartā / predicate-nominative
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma (object of त्रायध्वे)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
त्रायध्वेyou (pl.) protect
त्रायध्वे:
Kriyā (verbal action); Maruts as Kartā implied
TypeVerb
Rootत्रा (धातु: ‘to protect’)
स्यामmay I be
स्याम:
Kriyā; speaker as Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु ‘to be’) → स्या- (optative stem)
तेof you; your
ते:
Sambandha (genitive relation) / beneficiary-context
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
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