Rig Veda 5.44.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 44, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.44

Devata: Uncertain (verse contains obscure proper name Krivi; likely within Agni hymn but referencing auxiliary forces/obstacles)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र व एते सुयुजो यामन्निष्टये नीचीरमुष्मै यम्य ऋतावृधः । सुयन्तुभिः सर्वशासैरभीशुभिः क्रिविर्नामानि प्रवणे मुषायति ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.44.4

Transliteration

prá va ete suyújo yā́mann iṣṭáye nī́cīr amúṣmai yamyá ṛtā́vṛdhaḥ | suyántubhiḥ sarvaśā́sair abhī́śubhiḥ krívir nā́māni praváṇe muṣāyati ||

Translation

Vorwärts gehen diese wohlangespannten Kräfte auf dem Weg zur ersehnten Erfüllung, sich niederbeugend zu jenem, wachsend durch Ṛta (die Wahrheit/Ordnung). Mit lenkenden Zügeln, mit allen Satzungen, mit beherrschenden Strahlen — Krivi am Abhang raubt die Namen (die festen Benennungen).

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• वः: of you (your)
• वः: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• एते: these
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद्

• सुयुजः: well-yoked, well-harnessed
• सुयुजः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-युज् (prātipadika from √युज्)

• यामन्: on the journey, in the course (of going)
• यामन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यामन्

• इष्टये: for the sacrifice/oblation, for the desired rite
• इष्टये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि

• नीचीः: downward (courses/paths), low-lying (streams)
• नीचीः: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: नीचि (adv./adj. stem)

• अमुष्मै: to that (one), for him
• अमुष्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अमुष्मद्

• यम्यः: restraining, guiding, controlling
• यम्यः: Kartā (apposition/epithet)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यम्य (from √यम्)

• ऋतावृधः: increasing (upholding) ṛta, fostering cosmic order
• ऋतावृधः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत-वृध् (compound)

• सुयन्तुभिः: with well-driving/impelling (means/agents)
• सुयन्तुभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (instrumental agent/means)
• Root: सुयन्तु (instr. pl. of a noun/agent-stem from √सु/√सव् ‘to impel/press’)

• सर्वशासैः: with all-ruling/all-commanding (powers/ordinances)
• सर्वशासैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-शास (compound)

• अभीशुभिः: with reins, with guiding lines
• अभीशुभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभि-ईशु (compound)

• क्रिविः: Krivi (a person/tribal name)
• क्रिविः: Kartā
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: क्रिवि

• नामानि: names
• नामानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्

• प्रवणे: on the slope, in the declivity
• प्रवणे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवण

• मुषायति: steals, robs
• मुषायति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मुष्