Rig Veda 4.30.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 30, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.30
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed seer of Maṇḍala 4; hymn 4.30 is Indra-focused within Vāmadeva’s collection)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.30; verse-level confirmation recommended against a pada-count tool)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यत्रोत बाधितेभ्यश्चक्रं कुत्साय युध्यते । मुषाय इन्द्र सूर्यम् ॥
Transliteration
yatróta bādhitébhyaś cakráṃ kutsā́ya yúdhyate | muṣāyá índra sū́ryam ||
Translation
Wo selbst gegen die Angreifer im Kampf für Kutsa das Rad der Macht in Bewegung gesetzt wird — dort, o Indra, raubst du die Sonne, das verborgene Licht, dem Suchenden zurück.
Word by Word
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
अधिकारण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (प्रश्न/सम्बन्ध-अव्यय) < य- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + -त्र
उतand; also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात) अव्यय
बाधितेभ्यःfrom/for the oppressed (ones)
बाधितेभ्यः:
अपादान
TypeAdjective
Rootबाधित (PPP) < √बाध् (बाधते ‘to press, oppress, subdue’)
चक्रंwheel; discus
चक्रं:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र (प्रातिपदिक) < √कृ/√चक्र् (PIE *kʷekʷlo- ‘wheel’)
कुत्सायfor Kutsá
कुत्साय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootकुत्स (ऋषि-नाम, प्रातिपदिक)
युध्यतेfights
युध्यते:
कर्तृ (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√युध् (युध्यते ‘to fight’)
मुषायstealthily; by theft
मुषाय:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुषा (अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण) < √मुष् ‘to steal, take away’ (इन्स्ट्रुमेंटल-आधारित अव्ययीभाव: ‘by theft/stealthily’)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (देव-नाम, प्रातिपदिक)
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
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