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Rig Veda 4.12.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 12, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.12

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

महश्चिदग्न एनसो अभीक ऊर्वाद्देवानामुत मर्त्यानाम् । मा ते सखायः सदमिद्रिषाम यच्छा तोकाय तनयाय शं योः ॥

maháś cid agne énaso abhī́ka ūrvā́d devā́nām utá mártyānām | mā́ te sakhā́yaḥ sádham íd riṣāma yácchā tokā́ya tánayāya śáṃ yóḥ ||

Selbst aus der großen Nähe der Schuld, o Agni – aus dem weiten Feld, wo Götter und Sterbliche sich regen –, lass uns, obgleich deine Gefährten, keinen Schaden erleiden. Gewähre dem Kind und der Nachkommenschaft Frieden und heilsames, freudiges Wohlergehen.

महत्great, very (even great)
महत्:
विशेषण (एनसः) / कर्म-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *megʰ-
चित्even, indeed
चित्:
सम्बन्ध-निपात (emphatic)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात) < √चित् (to notice) (etym.)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) < √अग्/अञ्ज् (etym. debated)
एनसःof sin, of guilt
एनसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of sin/offence’)
TypeNoun
Rootएनस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √अन्/अश् (harm) (etym.)
अभीकेin proximity, at close range
अभीके:
अधिकारण (locative: ‘in/at close quarters’)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially/locatively)
Rootअभीक (प्रातिपदिक) < अभि + √अञ्च्/ईक् (near/face) (etym.)
ऊर्वात्from the womb (source), from the seat
ऊर्वात्:
अपादान (ablative: ‘from the womb/seat’)
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्वा (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऊरु/उर्व् (wide) (etym.)
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् (shine)
उतand, also
उत:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
मर्त्यानाम्of mortals
मर्त्यानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (to die)
माdo not
मा:
वाक्य-निषेध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध-निपात)
तेyour
ते:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘your’)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सखायःfriends, companions
सखायः:
कर्तृ (of the verb ‘रिषाम’)
TypeNoun
Rootसखा (प्रातिपदिक)
सदम्always
सदम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदम् (अव्यय/निपात) < सद् (sit) (etym.)
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
सम्बन्ध-निपात (emphatic)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्/इद् (निपात)
रिषामmay (they) harm/injure
रिषाम:
क्रिया (predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√रिष् (to harm, injure)
यच्छgrant, bestow
यच्छ:
क्रिया (addressed to Agni)
TypeVerb
Root√यम् (to give, grant; to extend) — Vedic imperative stem यच्छ-
तोकायfor (our) child, offspring
तोकाय:
सम्प्रदान (dative: ‘for the child/offspring’)
TypeNoun
Rootतोक (प्रातिपदिक)
तनयायfor (our) son/progeny
तनयाय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootतनय (प्रातिपदिक) < √तन् (to stretch, beget)
शम्welfare, well-being
शम्:
कर्म-विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशम् (अव्यय) < √शम् (to be calm/benefit)
योःand prosperity/comfort (the pair: welfare & well-being)
योः:
क्रियाविशेषण (beneficence)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयोस्/योः (अव्यय-द्वन्द्व) < यौ (two) (traditional: ‘शं-योः’ fixed collocation)

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