Rig Veda 3.9.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 9, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.9

Rishi: Gāthina Viśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 3.9)

Devata: Agni (as inner divine Will and priest-power)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 3.9; verify pada-count in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अति तृष्टं ववक्षिथाथैव सुमना असि । प्रप्रान्ये यन्ति पर्यन्य आसते येषां सख्ये असि श्रितः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.9.3

Transliteration

áti tṛṣṭáṃ vavakṣithā́thaíva sumánā asi | práprā́nye yánti páry anyá āsate yéṣāṃ sákhye ási śritáḥ ||

Translation

Du hast uns über den hart bedrängenden Widerstand hinausgetragen; darum wirst du zur klaren Freude im Innern. Einige schreiten voran auf dem Pfad, andere umringen und wachen ringsum — jene, in deren Gefährtenschaft du fest gegründet bist.

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Word by Word

• अति: beyond, exceedingly
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• तृष्टम्: thirsted-for; desired; eagerly
• तृष्टम्: Karma (क्रियाविशेषणवत्/परिमाण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृष् (धातु) → तृष्ट (कृदन्त/विशेषण)

• ववक्षिथ: you have carried / conveyed
• ववक्षिथ: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह्/वक्ष् (धातु; वहति/वक्षति ‘to carry, convey’)

• अथ: then, and then
• अथ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)

• सुमनाः: kind-minded; gracious
• सुमनाः: Kartā (विशेष्य-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्

• असि: you are
• असि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• प्रान्ये: some (go) forth; others
• प्रान्ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: प्र + अन्य (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → प्रान्य

• यन्ति: they go
• यन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु ‘to go’)

• परि: around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आसते: they sit
• आसते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: आस् (धातु ‘to sit’)

• येषाम्: of whom; whose
• येषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम) → येषाम्

• सख्ये: in friendship; in alliance
• सख्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘friendship, alliance’)

• असि: you are
• असि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• श्रितः: resorted to; attached; resting upon
• श्रितः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: श्रि (धातु ‘to lean on, resort’) → श्रित (कृदन्त)