Rig Veda 3.8.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 8, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.8

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.8)

Devata: Vanaspati and the divine powers aiding the rite; inner sense: the growing divine formation in the ritual-psychic field

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires full hymn metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जातो जायते सुदिनत्वे अह्नां समर्य आ विदथे वर्धमानः । पुनन्ति धीरा अपसो मनीषा देवया विप्र उदियर्ति वाचम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.8.5

Transliteration

jā́to jā́yate sudinatvé ahnā́ṃ samaryá ā́ vidáthe várdhamānaḥ | punánti dhīrā́ apáso manīṣā́ devayā́ vípra úd iyarti vā́cam ||

Translation

Geboren, wird er wiedergeboren in die lichte Gunst der Tage, wachsend in der gemeinsamen Bewegung, in der Versammlung (vidátha). Die Standhaften läutern die Werke durch inspirierte Einsicht (dhī, manīṣā); der gotthingegebene Seher (vipra) erhebt das Wort (vāc).

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Word by Word

• जातः: born; having been born
• जातः: Kartā (with implied subject)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used predicatively)
• Root: √जन् (jan) / जात (ppp-stem)

• जायते: is born; comes into being
• जायते: (intransitive) Kartā = the one who is born/comes to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (jan)

• सुदिनत्वे: in good-day-ness; in auspicious days/fortunate time
• सुदिनत्वे: Adhikaraṇa (locative: sphere/condition)
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: सुदिनत्व (सु-दिन-त्व) (prātipadika)

• अह्नाम्: of days
• अह्नाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (prātipadika)

• समर्यः: the striving one; the combatant/contender
• समर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agentive epithet)
• Root: समर्य (prātipadika)

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• विदथे: at the rite/assembly; in the ceremonial distribution
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa (locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (prātipadika)

• वर्धमानः: growing; increasing
• वर्धमानः: Kartā (agreeing with समर्यः)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √वृध् (vṛdh) / वर्धमान (present participle Ā)

• पुनन्ति: they purify
• पुनन्ति: Kartā = subject (धीराḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पू (pū) ‘to purify’

• धीराḥ: the inspired/wise ones
• धीराḥ: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: धीर (prātipadika)

• अपसः: works; ritual acts
• अपसः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपस् (prātipadika)

• मनीषा: by insight/thought
• मनीषा: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषा (prātipadika)

• देवया: in a godly way; with divine (impulse)
• देवया: Karaṇa (manner/instrument)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially/instrumentally)
• Root: देवया (prātipadika; ‘godward, divine’)

• विप्रः: the inspired poet/seer
• विप्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (prātipadika)

• उदियर्ति: raises; sends forth
• उदियर्ति: Kartā = विप्रः; Karma = वाचम्
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + √ईर्/√इर् (īr/ir) ‘to raise, set in motion’

• वाचम्: speech; utterance
• वाचम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (prātipadika)