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Rig Veda 3.31.15: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 15

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)
Devata: Indra (with emergent Sūrya, Uṣas, Agni as coordinated powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

महि क्षेत्रं पुरु श्चन्द्रं विविद्वानादित्सखिभ्यश्चरथं समैरत् । इन्द्रो नृभिरजनद्दीद्यानः साकं सूर्यमुषसं गातुमग्निम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.31.15
Transliteration

máhi kṣétram purúś candráṃ vividvā́n ā́dit sakhíbhyas cárathaṃ sámairat | índro nṛ́bhir ajanad dī́dyānaḥ sā́kaṃ sū́ryam uṣásaṃ gātúm agním ||

Translation

Das weite Feld und die vielen leuchtenden Lichter erkennend, richtete er dann mit den Gefährten gemeinsam den Lauf. Indra, flammend, erzeugte mit den menschlichen Kräften Sonne und Morgenröte, den Pfad und Agni — den göttlichen Willen, der führt.

Word by Word
महिgreatly; very; great
महि:
विशेषण (to कर्म ‘क्षेत्रम्’)
TypeAdjective/Indeclinable (used adverbially)
Rootमहि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) < मह् ‘महत्त्वे/वर्धने’
क्षेत्रम्field; domain; region
क्षेत्रम्:
कर्म (of विविद्वान्) / also object-domain ‘territory/field’
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
पुरुmuch; many; abundant
पुरु:
विशेषण (to क्षेत्रम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
चन्द्रम्bright; shining
चन्द्रम्:
विशेषण (to क्षेत्रम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootचन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
विविद्वान्having found; knowing well
विविद्वान्:
कर्तृ (of समैरत्)
TypeVerb (participial)
Root√विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने)
आtowards; forth
आ:
क्रियाविशेषण (directional/intensive)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ
दित्indeed; just
दित्:
निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदित् (निपात)
सखिभ्यःto the companions; to friends
सखिभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान (to whom he went/with reference to whom)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
कर्म (of समैरत्: ‘mounted/approached the chariot’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
सम्together; completely
सम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम्
ऐरत्he set in motion; he went/approached
ऐरत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√ईर्/√अर् (ईरणे/गत्यर्थे) with सम्+आ
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ (of अजनत्)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
नृभिःwith men; by heroes
नृभिः:
सह/करण (associative-instrumental: ‘with/by men’)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
अजनत्he generated; he produced; he brought forth
अजनत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनँ प्रादुर्भावे/उत्पत्तौ) with a- (causative/denominative nuance in Vedic: ‘to generate/produce, set in motion’)
दीद्यानःshining; blazing
दीद्यानः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifier of Indra)
TypeVerb (participial)
Root√दी (दीङ् दीप्तौ)
साकम्together with
साकम्:
सह (associative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाकम्
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
कर्म (of अजनत्)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
उषसम्Dawn
उषसम्:
कर्म (of अजनत्)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
गातुम्path; course; passage
गातुम्:
कर्म (of अजनत्)
TypeNoun
Rootगातु (प्रातिपदिक; from √गा/√गम् ‘to go’ → ‘going, path’)
अग्निम्Agni; fire
अग्निम्:
कर्म (of अजनत्)
TypeNoun (proper/common)
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
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