Rig Veda 3.12.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 12, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.12
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.12)
Devata: Indrāgnī
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तोशा वृत्रहणा हुवे सजित्वानापराजिता । इन्द्राग्नी वाजसातमा ॥
Transliteration
tośā́ vṛtra-háṇā huve sa-jítvānā́parājitā | indrāgnī́ vā́ja-sātamā ||
Translation
Mit freudigem Zuruf rufe ich die Vṛtra-Schlächter, die gemeinsamen Sieger, unbesiegten—Indra und Agni, die gewaltreichsten im Gewinn der vāja, in der Fülle der Kraft.
Word by Word
तोशाwith satisfaction; gladly
तोशा:
Karaṇa (manner/instrumental sense, adverbial)
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootतोशा- (प्रातिपदिक; √तुष् ‘तोषणे/तृप्तौ’ से)
वृत्रहणाO Vṛtra-slayers (Indra and Agni)
वृत्रहणा:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeNoun (dual vocative epithet)
Rootवृत्रहन्- (वृत्र + हन् ‘to slay’)
हुवेI invoke
हुवे:
Kriyā (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (जुहोति/हवते) ‘to call, invoke’
सजित्वानौO you two who win together / joint victors
सजित्वानौ:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootसजित्वान्- (स- + √जि ‘to conquer’ से क्तवतु/वत्-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘सहजित/संजित’ भाव)
अपराजिताO undefeated (two)
अपराजिता:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootअपराजित- (अ- + पराजित ‘defeated’, √जि)
इन्द्राग्नीO Indra and Agni
इन्द्राग्नी:
Sambodhana (address; invoked deities)
TypeNoun (dual vocative, deity name)
Rootइन्द्र + अग्नि (समास: द्वन्द्व)
वाजसातमाO best at winning prizes / most victorious
वाजसातमा:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootवाजसातम- (वाज + सातम ‘most winning/most bestowing’; सातम = superlative from √सन्/√सा ‘to win/gain’ in Vedic usage)
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.