Rig Veda 2.42.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 42, Mantra 3

Sukta 2.42

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditionally for much of Maṇḍala 2; hymn addressed to Śakuni/omens)

Devata: Śakuni/Śakunta (auspicious bird-omen as a guiding sign); protective invocation against theft/evil speech

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires full hymn metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अव क्रन्द दक्षिणतो गृहाणां सुमङ्गलो भद्रवादी शकुन्ते । मा नः स्तेन ईशत माघशंसो बृहद्वदेम विदथे सुवीराः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.42.3

Transliteration

áva kranda dakṣiṇató gṛhā́ṇāṃ sumaṅgaló bhadravādī́ śakunte | mā́ naḥ stená ī́śata mā́ aghaśáṃso bṛhád vadema vidáthe suvī́rāḥ ||

Translation

Rufe für uns von der rechten Seite unserer Häuser, o Vogel des Vorzeichens, glückverheißend, der Gutes spricht. Keine diebische Macht soll über uns herrschen, keine übelredende Gewalt soll obsiegen. Mögen wir das Bṛhat in der heiligen Versammlung aussprechen und reich werden an heldischer Kraft.

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Word by Word

• अव: down; forth (as a preverb)
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (upasarga) अव-

• क्रन्द: cry out; call
• क्रन्द: Kartā (addressed subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रन्द्

• दक्षिणतः: from the right (side)
• दक्षिणतः: Adhikaraṇa (direction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दक्षिण (prātipadika)

• गृहाणाम्: of the houses; of the dwellings
• गृहाणाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह (prātipadika)

• सुमङ्गलः: very auspicious
• सुमङ्गलः: Kartā (apposition to the addressed bird)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-मङ्गल (prātipadika)

• भद्रवादी: speaking good (words); of auspicious speech
• भद्रवादी: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भद्र-वाच् (prātipadika; bahuvrīhi/karmadhāraya sense)

• शकुन्ते: O bird (omen-bird)
• शकुन्ते: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शकुन्त (prātipadika)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (prohibitive particle)

• नः: us; our
• नः: Sampradāna/Anukūlya (affected party)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• स्तेनः: a thief
• स्तेनः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तेन (prātipadika)

• ईशत: may (he) have power over; may (he) rule
• ईशत: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईश्

• माघशंसः: one who proclaims/boasts of gifts (i.e., a braggart/boaster); (here) an ill-wisher
• माघशंसः: Kartā (in apposition to ‘स्तेनः’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: माघ-शंस (prātipadika; bahuvrīhi)

• बृहद्वदेम: let us speak greatly; let us utter lofty (words)
• बृहद्वदेम: Kartā (speaker group)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (with preverb/compound bृहद्-)

• विदथे: in the rite; in the ceremonial gathering
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa (locus: ritual assembly)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (prātipadika)

• सुवीराः: having good heroes/sons; rich in brave men
• सुवीराः: Kartā (predicate adjective of ‘we’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-वीर (prātipadika)