Rig Veda 10.60.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 60, Mantra 3
Sukta 10.60
Rishi: Agastya (traditional attribution for RV 10.60 in many recensions/indices; hymn contains Agastya-reference in v.6)
Devata: Indra (dominant; explicit vocative in 10.60.5; earlier verses praise the surpassing warrior-power)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for 10.60.3; needs padic metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो जनान्महिषाँ इवातितस्थौ पवीरवान् । उतापवीरवान्युधा ॥
Transliteration
yó jánān mahiṣā́m ivātitasthaú pavī́ravān | utā́pavīravān yudhā́ ||
Translation
Der, der die Menschen überragt wie ein mächtiger Stier — erfüllt von schützenden Füllen; und auch im Kampf — erfüllt von Füllen, die jede feindliche Macht abwehren.
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता; यः = ‘who’ introducing the subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जनान्people, men
जनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक) < √जन् ‘to be born, beget’
महिषान्buffaloes, mighty bulls
महिषान्:
Karma (उपमान-रूपेण) / Karma (with implied comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootमहिष (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
— (उपमान-सूचक) / marker of comparison
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
आtowards, unto (prefix)
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
तितस्थौhas stood, took his stand
तितस्थौ:
Kriyā (मुख्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (तिष्ठति) with reduplication: ति-त-स्थौ
पवीरवान्possessing a pavīra (protective/defensive covering; armour-like)
पवीरवान्:
Kartā (विशेषणम् of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपवीरवत् (प्रातिपदिक; -वत् ‘possessing’) < पवीर
उतand also
उत:
— (समुच्चय/अन्वादेश) / connective
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
अपवीरवान्possessing apavīra (without/away-from pavīra; unarmoured or with counter-covering)
अपवीरवान्:
Kartā (विशेषणम् of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपवीरवत् (प्रातिपदिक; -वत् ‘possessing’) < अपवीर
युधाin battle, by fighting
युधा:
Karaṇa (means/circumstance of action)
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootयुध् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाव-रूप; instr. of युध् ‘battle’)
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