Rig Veda 10.51.6: Mandala 10, Sukta 51, Mantra 6

Sukta 10.51

Devata: Agni (narrative context) and Varuṇa (addressed)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अग्नेः पूर्वे भ्रातरो अर्थमेतं रथीवाध्वानमन्वावरीवुः । तस्माद्भिया वरुण दूरमायं गौरो न क्षेप्नोरविजे ज्यायाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.51.6

Transliteration

agnéḥ pū́rve bhrā́taro ártham etáṃ rathī́vā́dhvā́nam ánv ā́varīvur | tásmād bhiyā́ varuṇa dū́ram ā́yaṃ gaúro ná kṣépnoḥ ā́vije jyā́yāḥ ||

Translation

Agni’s ältere Brüder verfolgten diesen Sinn, wie ein Wagenlenker dem Weg folgt. Darum, o Varuṇa, ging ich aus Furcht weit fort — wie ein wilder Stier, erschreckt vom Wurf des Riemens, zur stärkeren Macht flieht.

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Word by Word

• अग्नेः: of Agni
• अग्नेः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि-

• पूर्वे: the former/earlier (ones)
• पूर्वे: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: पूर्व-

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• भ्रातरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ-

• अर्थम्: the aim/purpose
• अर्थम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ-

• एतम्: this
• एतम्: विशेषण (of अर्थम्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्-

• रथीव: like a charioteer
• रथीव: उपमान (simile, qualifying the manner)
• Type: Adjective + Indeclinable
• Root: रथिन्- + इव

• अध्वानम्: the path/road
• अध्वानम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन्-

• अनु: along, following
• अनु: क्रियाविशेषण (with verb)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/adverb)
• Root: अनु

• आ: towards, up to
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण (with verb)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ

• अरीवुः: they went/advanced
• अरीवुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋ (री/अर्) ‘to go, move’ (Vedic perfect)

• तस्मात्: from that (therefore)
• तस्मात्: अपादान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्-

• भिया: through fear, out of fear
• भिया: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: भि- (भिया < भीति-/भी- ‘fear’)

• वरुण: O Varuṇa
• वरुण: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: वरुण-

• दूरम्: far
• दूरम्: क्रियाविशेषण (extent)
• Type: Adverbial noun
• Root: दूर-

• आयम्: I went
• आयम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (ए/आय) ‘to go’

• गौरः: the tawny one / bull
• गौरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: गौर-

• न: like, as
• न: उपमान-निर्देशक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• क्षेप्नोः: of the leaper/impeller
• क्षेप्नोः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेप्नु- (Vedic; ‘leaper/thrower’, epithet)

• अविजे: in/at Avija (as a name/epithet)
• अविजे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun (epithet/proper)
• Root: अवि- (Vedic; ‘sheep/ram’ or ‘protector’ as epithet) + -ज (born) / or proper epithet अविज-

• ज्यायाः: greater, stronger
• ज्यायाः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (of implied subject)
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: ज्यायस्- (comparative of ज्या/ज्येष्ठ ‘greater’)