Rig Veda 1.33.6: Mandala 1, Sukta 33, Mantra 6

Sukta 1.33

Rishi: Gautama Rāhūgaṇa

Devata: Indra (with allied powers: Navagvas/peoples)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अयुयुत्सन्ननवद्यस्य सेनामयातयन्त क्षितयो नवग्वाः । वृषायुधो न वध्रयो निरष्टाः प्रवद्भिरिन्द्राच्चितयन्त आयन् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.33.6

Transliteration

áyuyutsan anavadyásya sénām áyātayanta kṣitáyo návagvāḥ | vṛṣāyúdho ná vádhrayo nír aṣṭāḥ pravádbhir índrāc citáyanta ā́yan ||

Translation

Sie hielten dem Heer des Makellosen nicht stand; die ansässigen Völker, die Navagvas, trieben sie von ihrem Platz. Wie Stierarmige im Kampf, wie Entmannte, hinausgeworfen, gingen sie davon — hangabwärts treibend — und fürchteten selbst Indras Gegenwart und Macht.

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Word by Word

• अयुयुत्सन्: he wished to fight / he sought to battle
• अयुयुत्सन्: (क्रिया) मुख्यक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (युयुत्स्- desiderative stem)

• अनवद्यस्य: of the blameless
• अनवद्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनवद्य (a- + अवद्य)

• सेनाम्: the army
• सेनाम्: कर्म (object of the verbal action)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना

• अयातयन्त: they set in motion / they urged on
• अयातयन्त: (क्रिया) सहक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: यत् (causative: यातय-)

• क्षितयः: the peoples / settlements
• क्षितयः: कर्तृ (subject of अयातयन्त)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिति

• नवग्वाः: the Navagvas
• नवग्वाः: कर्तृ (apposition to क्षितयः)
• Type: Noun (tribal/epithet) / Adjective
• Root: नवग्व

• वृषायुधः: bull-weaponed / having mighty weapons
• वृषायुधः: कर्तृ (apposition; subject of understood/continued action)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृषायुध (वृषा + आयुध)

• न: like
• न: सम्बन्ध (upamā-marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• वध्रयः: (like) the vadhryas / the maimed (men)
• वध्रयः: उपमान (standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध्रि / वध्र (lexeme: ‘gelded/maimed’; here as a people/men metaphor)

• निरष्टाः: cast out / driven forth
• निरष्टाः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate/qualifier of the subject group)
• Type: Participle
• Root: अश्/अस् (as in निर्-अष्ट ‘thrown out/expelled’; kṛdanta from √अश्/√अस् with preverb निर्)

• प्रवद्भिः: with the advancing (ones/streams)
• प्रवद्भिः: करण (instrument/means: ‘with/by …’)
• Type: Participle (adjectival) / Noun
• Root: प्रवद् (प्र + वद्; ‘forward-moving/streaming’)

• इन्द्रात्: from Indra
• इन्द्रात्: अपादान (source: ‘from Indra’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• चितयन्त: they noticed / they took heed
• चितयन्त: (क्रिया) सहक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: चित् (denominative/causative-like: चितय- ‘to perceive/notice/mark’)

• आयन्: they came / they approached
• आयन्: (क्रिया) मुख्यक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (with preverb आ-)