Rig Veda 1.3.12: Mandala 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 12
Sukta 1.3
Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; RV 1.3 commonly placed under Vaiśvāmitra-collection—exact rishi for this specific mantra varies by anukramaṇī traditions)
Devata: Sarasvatī (as inspirer of dhī and luminous guidance)
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Mandala 1 invocations)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
महो अर्णः सरस्वती प्र चेतयति केतुना । धियो विश्वा वि राजति ॥
Transliteration
maho arṇaḥ sárasvatī prá cétayati ketúnā | dhíyo víśvā ví rājati ||
Translation
Sarasvatī, die große Flut (arṇa), erweckt durch ihr Banner der Unterscheidung (ketu); und alle inspirierten Gedanken (dhī) strahlen in voller Herrlichkeit auf.
Word by Word
महोgreat, vast
महो:
विशेषणम् (कर्म/अधिकरण-सम्बद्धम्; ‘अर्णः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक) → महा-
अर्णःflood, wave, stream (waters)
अर्णः:
कर्तृ (प्रचेत्तयति इत्यस्य कर्ता; सरस्वती-सम्बद्धं ‘महद् अर्णः’)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सरस्वतीSarasvatī (the goddess/river)
सरस्वती:
कर्तृ (प्रचेत्तयति, विराजति—उभयोः कर्ता)
TypeNoun (proper/theonym)
Rootसरस्वती (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रforth, forward, fully
प्र:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (प्रचेत्तयति इत्यस्य)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
चेतयतिmakes known, causes to perceive, awakens
चेतयति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootचि/चित् (धातु: ‘to perceive, notice’) → चेतयति (णिच्-प्रयोगः)
केतुनाby (her) banner/sign, by her light/mark
केतुना:
करणम्
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
धियःthoughts, insights, prayers
धियः:
कर्म (विराजति इत्यस्य; ‘धियः’ = thoughts/insights that shine)
TypeNoun
Rootधी (प्रातिपदिक)
विश्वाःall
विश्वाः:
विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, widely, distinctly
वि:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (राजति इत्यस्य)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
राजतिshines, is resplendent
राजति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootराज् (धातु: ‘to shine, be splendid’)
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