Rig Veda 1.22.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 22, Mantra 2
Sukta 1.22
Devata: Aśvinau
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
या सुरथा रथीतमोभा देवा दिविस्पृशा । अश्विना ता हवामहे ॥
Transliteration
yā́ su-ráthā rathī́-tamā ubhā́ devā́ divi-spṛ́śā | aśvínā tā́ havāmahe ||
Translation
Ihr, die ihr den schönen Wagen habt, die besten der Wagenlenker — zwei Götter, die mit ihrer Weite den Himmel berühren: o Aśvins, euch beide rufen wir an.
Word by Word
याshe/that (who/which)
या:
Kartā (सापेक्ष-सम्बन्धे; ‘या’ इति विशेष्य-स्त्री एकवचन)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सु-रथाhaving a good chariot
सु-रथा:
Kartā (विशेषणम् ‘या’ इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक); उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद ‘सु-’
रथीतमःthe best charioteer
रथीतमः:
Kartā (सम्बोधन/स्तुति-वाक्ये देवयोः विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथिन् (प्रातिपदिक) + तमप् (सुपरलटिव-प्रत्यय) → रथीतम
उभाboth
उभा:
Kartā (देवयोः—‘both’)
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक ‘उभ’)
देवाthe two gods
देवा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
दिवि-स्पृशाreaching/touching in heaven
दिवि-स्पृशा:
Adhikaraṇa (दिवि = ‘in heaven’); Kartā-विशेषणम् (स्पृशा = ‘touching/reaching’)
TypeAdjective (kṛdanta) + Locative complement
Root√स्पृश् (धातु) → स्पृश् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘स्पृश्/स्पृश्-’) ; ‘दिवि’ = ‘द्यौ/दिव्’
अश्विनाO Aśvins
अश्विना:
Sampradāna (आह्वान-रूपेण; whom we invoke)
TypeNoun (proper) / Vocative
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक; देव-युगलनाम)
ताthose two / them
ता:
Karma (हवामहे—‘we invoke them’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हवामहेwe invoke/call upon
हवामहे:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (ह्वे) ‘to call, invoke’
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