Rig Veda 1.168.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 168, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.168

Rishi: Agastya Mānavā (traditional)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अव स्वयुक्ता दिव आ वृथा ययुरमर्त्याः कशया चोदत त्मना । अरेणवस्तुविजाता अचुच्यवुर्दृळ्हानि चिन्मरुतो भ्राजदृष्टयः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.168.4

Transliteration

áva svayúktā divá ā́ vṛ́thā yayur amartyā́ḥ káśayā codata tmánā | areṇávás tuvi-jātā́ acucyavur dṛḷhā́ni cin marúto bhrā́jad-ṛṣṭayaḥ ||

Translation

Vom Himmel herab, selbstangespannt, sind sie eilends gekommen — die Unsterblichen, angetrieben von der Peitsche ihres eigenen Wesens. Makellos, machtvoll geboren, haben die Maruts mit glänzenden Speeren selbst das fest Gefügte erschüttert.

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Word by Word

• अव: down; forth (as a preverb/particle)
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• स्वयुक्ताः: self-yoked; yoked by themselves
• स्वयुक्ताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व-युक्त (युज् ‘to yoke, join’)

• दिवः: of heaven; from the sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘sky, heaven’)

• आ: towards; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• वृथा: in vain; without cause
• वृथा: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वृथा (अव्यय)

• ययुः: they went; they have gone
• ययुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु ‘to go’)

• अमर्त्याः: the immortals
• अमर्त्याः: Kartā (apposition to subject)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अ-मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक ‘immortal’)

• कशया: with a whip
• कशया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: कशा (प्रातिपदिक ‘whip, lash’)

• चोदत: (he) urged; impelled
• चोदत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद् (धातु ‘to impel, urge’)

• त्मना: by himself; with his own power
• त्मना: Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with himself’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक ‘self, own person/power’)

• अरेणवः: dustless; stainless
• अरेणवः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-रेणु (प्रातिपदिक ‘dustless, stainless’)

• तुविजाताः: mightily born; of great birth
• तुविजाताः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तु-वि-जात (√जन् ‘to be born’ with intensifying prefixes)

• अचुच्यवुः: they shook; they set in motion
• अचुच्यवुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: च्यु (धातु ‘to move, stir, fall, be displaced’)

• दृळ्हानि: the firm (things); strongholds
• दृळ्हानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृळ्ह (प्रातिपदिक ‘firm, strong’)

• चित्: even; indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक ‘Marut’)

• भ्राजदृष्टयः: whose spears are shining; shining-lanced
• भ्राजदृष्टयः: Kartā (qualifier of मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्राजत्-दृष्टि (√भ्राज् ‘to shine’ + दृष्टि ‘spear/vision’; RV epithet ‘with shining spears’)