Rig Veda 1.165.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 165, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.165

Rishi: Agastya Mānavā (traditional for RV 1.165, Indra–Marut dialogue)

Devata: Maruts (addressed; within an Indra–Marut dialogic frame)

Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (probable; metrical verification recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कया शुभा सवयसः सनीळाः समान्या मरुतः सं मिमिक्षुः । कया मती कुत एतास एतेऽर्चन्ति शुष्मं वृषणो वसूया ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.165.1

Transliteration

káyā śubhā́ saváyasaḥ sanī́ḷāḥ samānyā́ marútaḥ sáṃ mimikṣuḥ | káyā matī́ kutá étāsa eté ’rcanti śúṣmaṃ vṛ́ṣaṇo vasūyā́ ||

Translation

Durch welche strahlende Eintracht — gleichaltrig, von einer Wohnstatt — haben sich die Maruts miteinander vermischt? Durch welche inspirierte Einsicht, von woher sind diese gekommen, dass sie ihre Kraft besingen — männlich an Macht, begehrend den wahren Reichtum des Seins?

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Word by Word

• कया: by what (means/way)?
• कया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक)

• शुभा: with splendor/beauty
• शुभा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (abstract/instrumental sense)
• Root: शुभ्/शुभ (प्रातिपदिक: शुभा-)

• सवयसः: of equal age/like-aged
• सवयसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनीळाः: sharing one nest/abode
• सनीळाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनीळ (प्रातिपदिक; सह + नीळ ‘nest/abode’)

• समान्या: in common, jointly
• समान्या: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान्य (प्रातिपदिक; समान ‘same’)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग)

• मिमिक्षुः: have mingled/combined
• मिमिक्षुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मिक्ष् (धातु; ‘to mix, unite, blend’)

• कया: by what (means/way)?
• कया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्

• मती: with what thought/intent
• मती: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मती (प्रातिपदिक; मन् ‘to think’ से)

• कुतः: from where?
• कुतः: Apādāna
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुतस् (अव्यय; किम्-प्रश्न)

• एतासः: these (ones)
• एतासः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘this/these’)

• एते: these
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्चन्ति: praise/sing
• अर्चन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च् (धातु; ‘to praise, sing’)

• शुष्मम्: might, vigor
• शुष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषणः: bull-like, mighty
• वृषणः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull-like, virile’)

• वसूया: with desire for wealth
• वसूया: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially) / Noun (abstract)
• Root: वसूय (प्रातिपदिक; वसु ‘wealth’ से, ‘desiring wealth’)