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Rig Veda 1.161.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 161, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.161

Rishi: Rbhus
Devata: Rbhus; Tvaṣṭṛ as counter-presence; Agni as messenger implied
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

चकृवांस ऋभवस्तदपृच्छत क्वेदभूद्यः स्य दूतो न आजगन् । यदावाख्यच्चमसाञ्चतुरः कृतानादित्त्वष्टा ग्नास्वन्तर्न्यानजे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.161.4
Transliteration

cakṛvā́ṃsa ṛ́bhavas tád apṛcchata kvéd abhūd yáḥ syá dūtó na ā́jagan | yadā́vākhyac camasā́ṃś catúraḥ kṛtā́nād íd tvaṣṭā́ gnā́sv antár nyā́naje ||

Translation

Nachdem sie es vollbracht hatten, fragten die Ṛbhus: „Wo ist denn der, der unser Bote sein sollte und zu uns kam?“ Als er die vier gefertigten Becher zeigte, da wich Tvaṣṭṛ zurück und verbarg sich im Innern der Frauen (in den Gestalten der Natur).

Word by Word
चक्रिवांसःhaving done; the doers
चक्रिवांसः:
कर्तृ
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Root√कृ (कृ ‘to do, make’) → कृत्-प्रत्यय (क्विप्/क्वसु) ‘चक्रिवांस्’
ऋभवःthe Rbhus
ऋभवः:
कर्तृ (apposition to चक्रिवांसः)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootऋभु (प्रातिपदिक; name of the Rbhus)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अपृच्छतthey asked
अपृच्छत:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√प्रच्छ् (पृच्छति ‘to ask’)
क्वwhere?
क्व:
अधिकरण (प्रश्न-स्थान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व (अव्यय)
इद्indeed, just
इद्:
—
TypeParticle
Rootइद् (निपात; emphatic)
अभूत्was; came to be
अभूत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति ‘to be, become’)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
स्यmight be
स्य:
क्रिया
TypeVerb (optative, enclitic/metrical)
Rootअस् (√अस् ‘to be’) — optative form ‘स्यात्’ with enclitic/metrical shortening to ‘स्य’ (Vedic)
दूतःa messenger
दूतः:
कर्तृ/प्रेडिकेट-नाम (to यः)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत (प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us; our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypePronoun (enclitic)
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
आtowards, hither
आ:
—
TypePreverb
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अजगन्they came
अजगन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (गच्छति ‘to go’) with reduplicated aorist stem (Vedic) ‘जगम्’
यत्that which
यत्:
कर्म (of अवाख्यत्)
TypeRelative/Conjunctional pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
अवाख्यत्he declared; he made known
अवाख्यत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√ख्या (to name, proclaim, make known)
चमसान्cups; bowls
चमसान्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootचमस (प्रातिपदिक)
चतुरःfour
चतुरः:
विशेषण (of कर्म)
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootचतुर् (संख्या/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
कृतान्made; fashioned
कृतान्:
विशेषण (of कर्म)
TypeParticiple (past passive)
Root√कृ → कृत (PPP)
आदित्then indeed
आदित्:
—
TypeParticle
Rootआद् + इत् (निपात; Vedic ‘then indeed/just then’)
त्वष्टाTvaṣṭṛ
त्वष्टा:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootत्वष्टृ (देवता-नाम; prātipadika)
ग्नासुamong the women
ग्नासु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootग्ना (स्त्री-प्रातिपदिक ‘divine woman/maid’; in RV often ‘wives/women’)
अन्तःwithin
अन्तः:
अधिकरण (adverbial location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तः (अव्यय/उपपद; ‘within’)
न्यdown, in
न्य:
—
TypePreverb
Rootनि (उपसर्ग; before vowel → न्य्)
आनजेhe anointed; he applied
आनजे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√अञ्ज् (to anoint, smear; also ‘to apply/attach’)
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