Rig Veda 1.115.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 115, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.115

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.115)

Devata: Sūrya

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.115.1)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

चित्रं देवानामुदगादनीकं चक्षुर्मित्रस्य वरुणस्याग्नेः । आप्रा द्यावापृथिवी अन्तरिक्षं सूर्य आत्मा जगतस्तस्थुषश्च ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.115.1

Transliteration

citrám devā́nām úd agād anī́kaṃ cákṣur mitrásya váruṇasyā́gneḥ | ā́prā dyā́vāpṛthivī́ antárikṣaṃ sū́rya ātmā́ jágatas tasthúṣaś ca ||

Translation

Aufgestiegen ist das wunderbare Antlitz der Götter — Sūrya, das Auge Mitras und Varuṇas und Agnis. Er hat Himmel und Erde und den Zwischenraum erfüllt; die Sonne ist der Ātman alles dessen, was sich regt, und dessen, was steht.

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Word by Word

• चित्रम्: bright, variegated, wondrous
• चित्रम्: Karma (with उदगात्: ‘rose/appeared’ as what rose)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *kʷei̯t- ‘to shine/appear’ (semantic)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of the gods’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् ‘to shine’

• उद्: up, forth
• उद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद् (उपसर्ग)

• अगात्: went up; rose; appeared
• अगात्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छति) < PIE *gʷem- ‘to go’

• अनीकम्: face; appearance; shining form/orb
• अनीकम्: Kartā (subject of अगात्; appositional with चित्रम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनीक (प्रातिपदिक)

• चक्षुः: eye
• चक्षुः: Kartā (in apposition to अनीकम्: ‘(the) eye’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √चक्ष् ‘to see’

• मित्रस्य: of Mitra
• मित्रस्य: Sambandha (genitive dependent on चक्षुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणस्य: of Varuṇa
• वरुणस्य: Sambandha (genitive dependent on चक्षुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्नेः: of Agni
• अग्नेः: Sambandha (genitive dependent on चक्षुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards; fully
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• अप्राः: filled; pervaded
• अप्राः: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पॄ/पॢ (पूरयति) ‘to fill, to pervade’

• द्यावापृथिवी: Heaven-and-Earth
• द्यावापृथिवी: Karma (what was filled/pervaded)
• Type: Noun (dual compound/dvandva)
• Root: द्यावा (दिव्/द्यौ प्रातिपदिक) + पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्तरिक्षम्: midspace; atmosphere
• अन्तरिक्षम्: Karma (also what was filled/pervaded)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Kartā (subject of implied ‘is/stands’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √सुर्/√स्वर् (semantic: shining)

• आत्मा: self; vital essence
• आत्मा: Kartā (apposition to सूर्यः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जगतः: of the moving (world/creation)
• जगतः: Sambandha (genitive with आत्मा: ‘of the moving world’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक) < √गम् (present participial base: ‘moving’)

• तस्थुषः: of the standing (fixed beings)
• तस्थुषः: Sambandha (genitive coordinated with जगतः)
• Type: Noun/Participle used substantively
• Root: तस्थुष् (प्रातिपदिक; perf. participle of √स्था ‘to stand’)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)