Valmiki Ramayana 2.57.33: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 57, Shloka 33

सप्तपञ्चाशः सर्गः · Sumantra’s Return to Ayodhya and the Palace’s Lament

Devanagari script

एवं विलपतीं दृष्ट्वा कौसल्यां पतितां भुवि ।

पतिं चावेक्ष्य ता स्सर्वा सुस्वरं रुरुदुः स्त्रियः ॥३३॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.57.33

Transliteration

evaṃ vilapatīṃ dṛṣṭvā kausalyāṃ patitāṃ bhuvi |

patiṃ cāvekṣya tāḥ sarvā susvaraṃ ruruduḥ striyaḥ ||33||

Translation

Als sie Kausalyā sahen, wie sie klagend zu Boden gefallen war, und zugleich ihren Gemahl, den König, in diesem Zustand erblickten, brachen alle Frauen gemeinsam in lautes Weinen aus.

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Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय

• विलपतीम्: lamenting
• विलपतीम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-√लप् (धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• कौसल्याम्: Kausalya
• कौसल्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular

• पतिताम्: fallen
• पतिताम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतित (कृदन्त; √पत् (धातु))
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP)

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Locative singular

• पतिम्: husband
• पतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• अवेक्ष्य: having looked at
• अवेक्ष्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-√ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• ताः: those
• ताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; agreeing with ताः स्त्रियः

• सुस्वरम्: loudly/in chorus
• सुस्वरम्: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सुस्वर (प्रातिपदिक: सु + स्वर)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण नपुंसक-एकवचन (adverbial accusative)

• रुरुदुः: they wept
• रुरुदुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• स्त्रियः: women
• स्त्रियः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural (apposition to ताः)

Context

All those women saw weeping Kausalya as well as their husband fallen on the ground and wailed loudly in a chorus.

Characters & Entities

• Kausalya
• Dasharatha (pati)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Shared responsibility and shared suffering in a royal household: the king’s crisis becomes the community’s crisis, illustrating the interconnectedness central to social dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalya collapses in grief; the palace women, seeing both her and the king’s condition, begin loud collective lamentation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The women’s solidarity and empathy—responding together to the suffering of Kausalya and Dasharatha.