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Atharva Veda 9.10.4: Kanda 9, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 4

Sukta 10

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

उप॑ ह्वये सु॒दुघां॑ धे॒नुमे॒तां सु॒हस्तो॑ गो॒धुगु॒त दो॑हदेनाम्। श्रेष्ठं॑ स॒वं स॑वि॒ता सा॑विषन्नो॒ऽभीऽद्धो घ॒र्मस्तदु॒ षु प्र वो॑चत्

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 9.10.4
IAST Transliteration

úpa hvaye sudúghāṃ dhenúm etā́ṃ suhásto godhúg út dohád enām | śréṣṭhaṃ saváṃ savitā́ sāviṣan no ’bhí-iddhó gharmás tád u sú prá vocat

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Hither I call this well-yielding milch-cow: let the deft-handed cow-milker draw her out. Savitṛ hath impelled for us the best impulsion; kindled up, the Gharma—this indeed hath he auspiciously proclaimed.

Translation

Hierher rufe ich diese reichlich milchgebende Kuh; der geschickthändige Melker soll sie ausmelken. Savitṛ hat uns den besten Antrieb verliehen; entflammt hat der Gharma — dies hat er wahrlich glückverheißend verkündet.

Word by Word
उपnear, towards (prefix/particle)
उप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
ह्वयेI call, I invoke
ह्वये:
Kartā (अहं) / क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वे (ह्वयति) / √ह्वा (आह्वाने)
सुदुघाम्well-milking, yielding good milk
सुदुघाम्:
Karma (विशेषण) / कर्मपद-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दुघा (प्रातिपदिक; दुह् ‘to milk’ से)
धेनुम्the cow
धेनुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
एताम्this
एताम्:
Karma (धेनुम् का निर्देश)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुहस्तःhaving good hands, deft-handed
सुहस्तः:
Kartā (दोहकः/गोदुग् का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
गोधुक्the cow-milker
गोधुक्:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootगो-दुह् (कृदन्त/नाम; √दुह् ‘to milk’)
उतand, also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
दोहदेनाम्her for milking / her milking-time
दोहदेनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोहद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘milking/desire-to-milk’)
श्रेष्ठम्best, most excellent
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma (सवम् का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
सवम्impulsion/rite (the ‘sava’)
सवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulsion/pressing/rite’)
सविताSavitar (the impeller deity)
सविता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
साविषत्impelled, set in motion
साविषत्:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = सविता)
TypeVerb
Root√सू (सवति) / causative √सू → सवयति; here aorist ‘caused/impelled’
नःfor us / our
नः:
Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
आद्धःkindled, set/placed (ablaze)
आद्धः:
Kartā/विशेषण (घर्मः का)
TypeParticiple
Root√धा (आ-धा; ‘to place, to kindle’), past participle
घर्मःheat; the hot drink/oblation (gharma)
घर्मः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootघर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
उindeed, just
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
षुnow, pray (Vedic particle)
षु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootषु (वैदिक निपात)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
वोचत्spoke, uttered
वोचत्:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = घर्मः)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (वक्ति)
Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition.

Devata: Savitṛ; also Dhenu as personified abundance; Gharma as potency.

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh-like cadence in parts; hymn is not purely metrical instruction here.

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shringara

Secondary: shanta

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