Atharva Veda 4.36.1: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 4, Sukta 36, Mantra 1

Sukta 36

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सत्यौजा अग्निः। तान्त्स॒त्यौजाः॒ प्र द॑हत्व॒ग्निर्वै॑श्वान॒रोवृषा॑ । यो नो॑ दुर॒स्याद् दिप्सा॒च्चाथो॒ यो नो॑ अराति॒यात्

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 4.36.1

IAST Transliteration

satyójà agníḥ | tā́n satyójàḥ prá dahatv agnír vaiśvānaráḥ vṛ́ṣā | yó no durasyā́d dipsā́c cā́tho yó no arātiyā́t

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Agni is of true might. Let Agni, the true-mighty Vaiśvānara, the Bull, burn them forth—whoever would work us ill, whoever would seek to harm, and also whoever would come against us in hostility.

Translation

Agni ist von wahrer Kraft. Möge Agni, der wahrkraftige Vaiśvānara, der Stier, sie hinweg verbrennen—jeden, der uns Übles antun will, jeden, der uns zu schädigen sucht, und auch jeden, der in Feindschaft gegen uns anrückt.

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Word by Word

• सत्यौजाः: of true strength / truly mighty
• सत्यौजाः: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य-ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समास) अथवा ‘सत्यौजस्’ (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• तान्: those (them)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सत्यौजाः: (being) truly mighty
• सत्यौजाः: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य-ओजस् / सत्यौजस् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward; intensifier
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• दहतु: let (him/it) burn
• दहतु: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दह् (धातु)

• अग्निः: Agni
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वैश्वानरः: Vaiśvānara (the universal fire)
• वैश्वानरः: Kartā (कर्तृ-समनाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वैश्वानर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘विश्वानर’ से तद्धित)

• वृषा: the bull; the strong one
• वृषा: Kartā (कर्तृ-समनाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्/वृष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, mighty one’)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (उपवाक्ये)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: to us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (सन्दर्भानुसार: ‘to/against us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दुरस्यात्: from the ill-wisher / from one who is hostile
• दुरस्यात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: दुर्-अस् (धातु ‘अस्’ + उपसर्ग ‘दुर्’; ‘दुरास्’ = ill-disposed) अथवा ‘दुरस्य’ (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) + -आत् (अपादान)

• दिप्सात्: from (his) wish to harm; from malice
• दिप्सात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिप्सा (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative noun from √दभ्/√दिप्? ‘to harm/deceive’; ‘दिप्सा’ = desire to injure)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• अथो: and also; moreover
• अथो: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथो (निपात; अथ + उ)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (उपवाक्ये)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: to us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (सन्दर्भानुसार)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अरातियात्: from the hostile attacker / from one who comes with enmity
• अरातियात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun (agentive compound)
• Root: अराति (प्रातिपदिक ‘harm, hostility’) + √या (धातु ‘to go’) → ‘अराति-यात्’ (समास/कृदन्त-प्रयोग; ‘one who goes with hostility/attacks’)

Attribution

Rishi: To be verified from Anukramaṇī for AV 4.36.

Devata: Agni Vaiśvānara

Chandas: Mixed/prose-like opening with metrical continuation (requires scan; the initial ‘satyauja agniḥ’ is a short declarative).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: vira