Atharva Veda Sukta 53
Kanda 19Anuvaka 6Sukta 5310 Mantras

Sukta 53

Rishi: Traditionally associated with Atharvanic seers; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by ancillary tradition for late-book hymns.

Devata: Kāla (Time) as supreme lord; cosmogonic overlordship over Prajāpati.

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (late Atharvanic style; four pādas of ~8 syllables).

Dieses Kāla-Sūkta erhebt die Zeit (Kāla) zum höchsten kosmischen Lenker, der Himmel und Erde hervorbringt, Vergangenheit und Zukunft zuteilt und sogar als Erzeuger Prajāpatis gilt. Indem der Hymnus Kāla als erste göttliche Macht und als Achse der Ordnung preist, heiligt er die zeitliche Regelung (rechte Jahreszeit, rechter Augenblick) und verankert rituelle Autorität im kosmischen Prinzip, das alles misst und in Bewegung setzt.

Kind of charm

Śāntika
Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 19.53

Mantras

Mantra 1

कालः। का॒लो अश्वो॑ वहति स॒प्तर॑श्मिः सहस्रा॒क्षो अ॒जरो॒ भूरि॑रेताः । तमा रो॑हन्ति क॒वयो॑ विप॒श्चित॒स्तस्य॑ च॒क्रा भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑

Kāla (Zeit). Zeit ist das Ross, das dahinträg, mit sieben Zügeln, tausendäugig, unalternd, von reichlichem Samen. Ihn besteigen die Dichter, die einsichtsvollen Weisen; seine Räder sind alle Welten.

Mantra 2

स॒प्त च॒क्रान् व॑हति का॒ल ए॒ष स॒प्तास्य॒ नाभी॑र॒मृतं॒ न्वक्षः॑ । स इ॒मा विश्वा॒ भुव॑नान्यञ्जत् का॒लः स ई॑यते प्रथ॒मो नु दे॒वः

Sieben Räder trägt die Zeit, ja diese, voran; siebenmündig ist sie; ihre Naben sind Unsterblichkeit, ihre Achse ist festgefügt. Sie ordnete und stellte all diese Welten auf: die Zeit — sie schreitet dahin, wahrlich die erste der göttlichen Mächte.

Mantra 3

पू॒र्णः कु॒म्भोऽधि॑ का॒ल आहि॑त॒स्तं वै पश्या॑मो बहु॒धा नु स॒न्तः। स इ॒मा विश्वा॒ भुव॑ना॒नि प्र॒त्यङ्कालं तमा॑हुः पर॒मे व्योमन्

Ein voller Krug ist oben aufgestellt — darauf ist Kāla (die Zeit) niedergelegt: ihn, wahrlich, schauen wir, der jetzt in vielerlei Gestalt besteht. Er, der all diese Welten zu sich zurückwendet — ihn nennt man im höchsten Himmel „Kāla (Zeit)“.

Mantra 4

स ए॒व सं भुव॑ना॒न्याभ॑र॒त् स ए॒व सं भुव॑नानि॒ पर्यै॑त्। पि॒ता सन्न॑भवत् पु॒त्र ए॑षां॒ तस्मा॒द् वै नान्यत् पर॑मस्ति॒ तेजः॑

Er, wahrlich, fügte die Welten zusammen; er, wahrlich, umschritt die Welten ringsum. Als ihr Vater wurde er ihr Sohn: darum gibt es wahrlich keinen Glanz, der höher wäre als er.

Mantra 5

का॒लोऽमूं दिव॑मजनयत् का॒ल इ॒माः पृ॑थि॒वीरु॒त। का॒ले ह॑ भू॒तं भव्यं॑ चेषि॒तं ह॒ वि ति॑ष्ठते

Die Zeit erschuf jenen Himmel; die Zeit auch diese weiten Erden. In der Zeit, wahrlich, stehen das Gewesene und das Künftige und das in Bewegung Gesetzte da—offenbar, verteilt und fest gegründet.

Mantra 6

का॒लो भू॒तिम॑सृजत का॒ले त॑पति॒ सूर्यः॑ । का॒ले ह॒ विश्वा॑ भू॒तानि॑ का॒ले चक्षु॒र्वि प॑श्यति

Die Zeit entsandte Gedeihen; in der Zeit spendet die Sonne ihre Glut. In der Zeit, wahrlich, sind alle Wesen; in der Zeit sieht das Auge klar.

Mantra 7

का॒ले मनः॑ का॒ले प्रा॒णः का॒ले नाम॑ स॒माहि॑तम्। का॒लेन॒ सर्वा॑ नन्द॒न्त्याग॑तेन प्र॒जा इ॒माः

In der Zeit ist der Geist; in der Zeit ist der Atem (prāṇa); in der Zeit ist der Name fest eingesetzt. Durch die Zeit, wenn sie herankommt, freuen sich alle diese Geschöpfe—diese Nachkommenschaft—und gedeihen.

Mantra 8

का॒ले तपः॑ का॒ले ज्येष्ठं॑ का॒ले ब्रह्म॑ स॒माहि॑तम्। का॒लो ह॒ सर्व॑स्येश्व॒रो यः पि॒तासी॑त् प्र॒जाप॑तेः

In der Zeit ist Tapas, die glühende Askese; in der Zeit ist das Höchste gesetzt; in der Zeit ist das heilige Brahman fest gegründet. Die Zeit wahrlich ist der Herr über alles, der Vater des Prajāpati war.

Mantra 9

तेने॑षि॒तं तेन॑ जा॒तं तदु॒ तस्मि॒न् प्रति॑ष्ठितम्। का॒लो ह॒ ब्रह्म॑ भू॒त्वा बिभ॑र्ति परमे॒ष्ठिन॑म्

Von ihm angetrieben, von ihm hervorgebracht — darauf, in ihm, steht es fest gegründet. Die Zeit wahrlich, Brahman geworden, trägt den Parameṣṭhin, den Höchsten.

Mantra 10

का॒लः प्र॒जा अ॑सृजत का॒लो अग्रे॑ प्र॒जाप॑तिम्। स्व॒यं॒भूः क॒श्यपः॑ का॒लात् तपः॑ का॒लाद॑जायत

Die Zeit entließ die Geschöpfe; die Zeit gebar am Anfang Prajāpati. Der Selbstentstandene Kaśyapa wurde aus der Zeit geboren; aus der Zeit wurde auch tapas geboren, die Glut der Askese.

Inside Sukta 53

How it unfolds

  1. How it opens

    Time is introduced as a moving cosmic power with ‘seven wheels’ and a stabilizing immortal hub, already ordering the worlds.

  2. What it asks

    Implicit petition: may all events and endeavors stand properly distributed in Time—neither premature nor delayed—under Kāla’s lordship.

  3. Where its power lies

    Kāla is proclaimed the first divine power, generator of heaven and earth, holder of tapas and brahman, and lord of all beings and processes.

  4. How it closes

    The hymn seals authority by placing even Prajāpati under Kāla’s paternity, making Time the final cosmological ground for ritual and existence.

Famous verses

saptacakrān vahati kāla eṣa
Verse 19.53.2Iconic cosmological image of Kāla as a chariot with seven wheels and an immortal hub—Time as motion that is nevertheless anchored in enduring order.Read verse 19.53.2 →
kālo'mūṃ divam ajanayat
Verse 19.53.5Explicit cosmogony and temporal totality: Time generates heaven and earth and contains/distributes past and future—central to the hymn’s doctrine.Read verse 19.53.5 →
kālo ha sarvasyeśvaro
Verse 19.53.8Theological climax: tapas, the highest, and brahman are ‘in Time,’ and Kāla is lord of all and father of Prajāpati—establishing supreme overlordship.Read verse 19.53.8 →

Kind of hymn

Cosmogonic / Daivika (theological speculation; not a typical Bhaisajya/Abhicārika unit)

What it is for

Alignment of personal and ritual action with cosmic Time—stabilizing the world of the performer, legitimizing ritual sequence, and ensuring auspicious unfolding of events.

Who it is for

Householders and ritual specialists (Atharvanic performers) seeking pacification, auspicious timing, and cosmological grounding for rites and life-transitions.

Also used as

  • Daivika (theological/cosmogonic speculation)
  • Paustika (prosperity through right order and right timing)

The deity

Kāla is personified Time as the supreme lordly principle that generates the cosmos, measures change, and distributes events across past, present, and future—an overlord even in relation to Prajāpati in this hymn’s theology.

Powers of the deity

  • Generates heaven and earth and sets the worlds in array
  • Distributes and establishes what has been, what will be, and what is set in motion
  • Holds tapas (austerity), brahman (sacral power/holy word), and the highest principle within himself
  • Functions as the ‘axle’ and ‘hub of immortality’ that steadies cosmic movement
  • Grants auspicious timing and averts calamity arising from inopportune action

Why the deity is called

To acknowledge Kāla as the ultimate ordering force so the performer’s undertakings align with cosmic timing, securing stability, success, and protection from ‘untimely’ disorder.

The seer

  • Atharvanic seer-complex (late-book attribution; Kāla-sūkta tradition)Atharvan. Śānti and brahmavādic (theological–cosmological) recitation used to stabilize order, avert untimeliness, and authorize ritual timing rather than a substance-based healing charm

Other hymns of this seer

  • AV 19.54 (Kāla-related continuation in some recensional listings)
  • AV 19.55 (late speculative/cosmogonic cluster; ancillary traditions vary)
  • AV 19.56 (late-book brahmavādic material; attribution varies)

Preparing for the rite

  • Choose a calm, clean space; perform basic ācamana (sipping/cleansing) according to one’s śākhā practice
  • Set a simple intention: ‘May my actions be placed in Kāla’s order; may untimeliness be removed’
  • Optionally face east at dawn or north at midday for contemplative recitation (later practice-based convention)

The rite

  • Recite the sūkta steadily, keeping emphasis on ‘kāla’ refrains and cosmological statements
  • Mentally ‘place’ past, present, and future into Kāla while reciting verses that speak of bhūta/bhavya (what was/shall be)
  • Conclude with a brief silent pause, treating Kāla as the witness and regulator of the rite

When

Best used at transitions (dawn/dusk), beginnings of undertakings, calendrical junctions, or when correcting/confirming auspicious timing (muhūrta).

Frequently Asked Questions

Here Kāla is both: Time as the universal measure and a personified sovereign power. The hymn treats Kāla as the lord who generates and orders the cosmos, not merely a clock-like sequence.

It is a theological statement of supremacy: even Prajāpati (a key creator figure) is placed under Time’s prior authority. The point is that creation and ritual order depend on Kāla’s governance.

It functions primarily as a śānti and authorization hymn: recited to steady the mind and the rite, to mark beginnings and transitions, and to align actions with auspicious timing (avoiding ‘untimely’ outcomes).

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