Atharva Veda 1.19.3: Kanda 1, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 19, Mantra 3

Sukta 19

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यो नः॒ स्वो यो अर॑णः सजा॒त उ॒त निष्ट्यो॒ यो अ॒स्माँ अ॑भि॒दास॑ति । रु॒द्रः श॑रव्य ऽ यै॒तान् ममा॒मित्रा॒न् वि वि॑ध्यतु

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 1.19.3

IAST Transliteration

yó naḥ svó yó áraṇaḥ sajā́ta utá niṣṭyó yó asmā́m̐ abhídāsati | rudráḥ śaravyà etā́n mamā́mitrā́n ví vidhyatu

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Whether he be our own, whether a stranger, whether a clansman, yea, whether one within the house—whoever assaileth us with malice: let Rudra, the arrow-bearing, pierce through and through these my foes.

Translation

Ob er uns zu eigen sei oder ein Fremder, ein Sippenverwandter oder auch einer im Hause—wer uns in Feindsinn anfällt: Rudra, der Pfeiltragende, durchbohre diese meine Feinde, durchbohre sie ganz und gar.

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Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (सम्बन्ध-कर्तृ, ‘who’ = subject of relative clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: our / for us
• नः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (possessive: ‘our/for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वः: one’s own, our own
• स्वः: Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वीय

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• अरणः: stranger, alien
• अरणः: Kartā (predicate/descriptor of ‘who’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अरण (प्रातिपदिक)

• सजातः: born together; kinsman
• सजातः: Kartā (descriptor)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सजात (प्रातिपदिक) / √जन् (कृदन्त-आधार)

• उत: and also
• उत: — (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• निष्ट्यः: one of the household/nearby; intimate (one within)
• निष्ट्यः: Kartā (descriptor)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: निष्ट्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma (object of अभिदासति)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अभिदासति: attacks, harms
• अभिदासति: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√दास् (दास् = to harm/assail; with अभि)

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Kartā (subject of विध्यतु)
• Type: Noun (Deity)
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• शरव्यः: arrow-armed; archer
• शरव्यः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरव्य (प्रातिपदिक) < शर (arrow)

• एतान्: these
• एतान्: Karma (object of विध्यतु)
• Type: Pronoun/Determiner
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मम: my
• मम: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (possessive: ‘my’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अमित्रान्: enemies
• अमित्रान्: Karma (in apposition to एतान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, asunder
• वि: — (modifies verb)
• Type: Preverb
• Root: वि

• विध्यतु: let him pierce / may he strike
• विध्यतु: Kriyā (imperative action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√व्यध् (to pierce)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (exact r̥ṣi attribution for AVŚ 1.19 varies by anukramaṇī line; commonly treated as Atharvan/Angiras-type protective authorship)

Devata: Rudra (as śaravya, the archer)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; to be confirmed against pada count in the Śaunaka metrical index)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: vira