Rig Veda 5.2.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 2, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.2

Rishi: Atri (traditional for RV 5.2)

Devata: Agni (with the ‘knowing one’ also resonating with Indra/Br̥haspati functions)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

के मे मर्यकं वि यवन्त गोभिर्न येषां गोपा अरणश्चिदास । य ईं जगृभुरव ते सृजन्त्वाजाति पश्व उप नश्चिकित्वान् ॥

Transliteration

ké me marya-káṃ ví yavanta góbhir ná yeṣāṃ gopā́ áraṇaś cid ā́sa | yá īṃ jagṛbhúr áva té sṛjantu ā́jāti paśvá úpa naś cikitvā́n ||

Translation

আমার মর্যক (যৌবনবল) কে গোভিঃ—কিরণরূপ গাভীদের দ্বারা—কে ছড়িয়ে দিল? যাদের কোনো সত্য গোपा (রক্ষক-গোপাল) ছিল না, যদিও নিরীহ এক রক্ষকও হতে পারত। যারা একে ধরেছে, তারা যেন একে নীচে ছেড়ে দেয়; আর চিকিত্বান্ (জ্ঞানী) আমাদের কাছে প্রাণবল-এর বৃদ্ধি ও পশু-সম্পদ/সত্তা-সমৃদ্ধি ফিরিয়ে আনুক।

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Word by Word

• के: who? which (ones)?
• के: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक)

• मे: of me / my
• मे: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मर्यकम्: young man; my youth/young companion
• मर्यकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्यक (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, asunder, away
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• यवन्त: let (them) drive/impel
• यवन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: यु (धातु; युनक्ति/युते—‘to join, yoke’; RV usage also ‘to drive/impel’)

• गोभिः: with cows; by means of cattle
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not / like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• येषाम्: of whom
• येषाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (य-प्रातिपदिक)

• गोपाः: cowherds; protectors of cattle
• गोपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोपा (प्रातिपदिक; गो+पा ‘cow-protector’)

• अरणः: harm; the harmful one (injury)
• अरणः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अरण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘harm, injury’; also ‘hostile’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• आस: was
• आस: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु ‘to be’)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• ईम्: him; it
• ईम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: ईम् (एन्क्लिटिक सर्वनाम/निपात; ‘him/it’)

• जगृभुः: have seized; seized
• जगृभुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु ‘to seize’)

• अव: down; away
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• सृजन्तु: let them release
• सृजन्तु: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृज् (धातु ‘to let go, release, send forth’)

• आजाति: is born; arises
• आजाति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+जन् (धातु ‘to be born’; with आ- ‘to come into being, arise’)

• पश्वः: cattle; livestock
• पश्वः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• उप: towards; near
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• नः: to us; for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• चिकित्वान्: the discerning/wise one
• चिकित्वान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (Participle)
• Root: चित्/केत् (Vedic: √चित् ‘to perceive, notice’; desiderative/perfect-participial stem ‘cikít-’ ‘knowing, discerning’)