Rig Veda 3.32.9: Mandala 3, Sukta 32, Mantra 9
Sukta 3.32
- Rishi
- Gāthin Viśvāmitra
- Devata
- Indra
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Adbhuta (wonder)
अद्रोघ सत्यं तव तन्महित्वं सद्यो यज्जातो अपिबो ह सोमम् । न द्याव इन्द्र तवसस्त ओजो नाहा न मासाः शरदो वरन्त ॥
ádrogha satyáṃ táva tán mahitváṃ sadyó yáj jā́to ápībo há sómam | ná dyā́va indra távasas tá ojó náhā ná māsā́ḥ śarádo varanta ||
হে অদ্ৰোহ (অদোষী) ইন্দ্ৰ, তোমাৰ সেই মহিমা সত্য—যে জন্ম হোৱাৰ লগে লগে তুমি সোম পান কৰিছিলা। হে ইন্দ্ৰ, তোমাৰ প্ৰবল তেজ-মহাশক্তিক আকাশসমূহো ৰোধ কৰিব নোৱাৰে; দিন, মাহ, বা বছৰসমূহেও তাক সংযত কৰিব নোৱাৰে।
Word by Word
- अद्रोघ
- O non-deceitful (one)Adjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole सम्बोधन (उद्देश्य-सम्बोधन)Root अद्रोघ (प्रातिपदिक; a-द्रोघ < द्रोघ ‘द्रोह/हानि’)
- सत्यम्
- truth; trulyNoun (abstract)/Adjective used substantivelyनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म/विधेय (contextual: ‘truth’ as stated object/predicate)Root सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
- तव
- of you; yourPronounषष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of you/your’)Root युष्मद् (त्वद्-प्रातिपदिक)
- तत्
- thatPronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म/विधेय (that [thing])Root तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- महित्वम्
- greatness; majestyNoun (abstract)नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म/विधेय (greatness as the stated fact)Root महित्व (प्रातिपदिक; महत् → महि-त्व)
- सद्यः
- immediately; at onceIndeclinableअव्ययRole अधिकारण (कालाधिकरण: time)Root सद्यस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
- यत्
- when; that whichRelative pronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध/कर्म (relative: ‘when/that which’)Root यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- जातः
- bornParticiple (past passive)पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (of the action ‘drank’: ‘having been born’ = subject Indra)Root √जन् (धातु) → जात (कृदन्त)
- अपिबः
- you drankVerbलुङ् (अorist), परस्मैपद, उत्तम? (न) / मध्यम? (न) / प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचनRole क्रिया (मुख्य क्रिया)Root √पा (पिबति)
- सोमम्
- Soma (the pressed drink)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्मRoot सोम (प्रातिपदिक)
- न
- notIndeclinableअव्ययRole निषेधRoot न (निषेध-अव्यय)
- द्यावः
- the heavensNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole कर्तृRoot द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
- इन्द्र
- O IndraNoun (proper)पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- तवसः
- of (your) mightNoun (abstract)नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root तवस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- तत्
- thatPronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म/विधेय (that [measure/limit])Root तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- ओजः
- strength; vigorNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म/विधेय (strength as thing not reached)Root ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- न
- notIndeclinableअव्ययRole निषेधRoot न (निषेध-अव्यय)
- अहाः
- daysNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole कर्तृRoot अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
- न
- norIndeclinableअव्ययRole निषेधRoot न (निषेध-अव्यय)
- मासाः
- monthsNounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole कर्तृRoot मास (प्रातिपदिक)
- शरदः
- autumns; years (seasons)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole कर्तृRoot शरद् (प्रातिपदिक)
- वरन्त
- restrain; hold back; limitVerbलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचनRole क्रिया (मुख्य क्रिया)Root √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते; ‘to restrain/ward off/enclose’)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (सन्धि-निरसन): अद्रोघ | सत्यम् | तव | तत् | महित्वम् | सद्यः | यत् | जातः | अपिबः | सोमम् || न | द्यावः | इन्द्र | तवसः | तत् | ओजः | न | अहाः | न | मासाः | शरदः | वरन्त || प्रमुख सन्धि: (1) तव तन्महित्वम् → तव तत् महित्वम् (तत् + महित्वम्: तदन्त-त् + म- आरम्भ, उच्चारण-संयोग)
- (2) सद्यो यज्जातो → सद्यः यत् जातः (ः + य् → यो; यत् + जातः → यज्जातः, त् + ज् → ज्ज्)
- (3) अपिबो ह सोमम् → अपिबः ह सोमम् (पदपाठ में ‘ह’ निपात पृथक्)
- (4) न द्याव इन्द्र → न द्यावः इन्द्र (विसर्ग-लोप/परिवर्तन पदसंहिता में)
- (5) तवसस्त ओजो → तवसः तत् ओजः (ः + त् → स्त्; तत् + ओजः)
- (6) नाहा न मासाः → न अहाः न मासाः (न + अहाः → नाहा)
The meaning
Outer meaning
O faultless one, true is your greatness: as soon as you were born you drank Soma. Neither the heavens, O Indra, can restrain your mighty force—nor days, nor months, nor years hold it back.
Inner meaning
Indra is ‘adrogha’—without malice or crookedness: the illumined mind is straight, transparent, and true. His greatness is immediate: at the very birth of awakening, it drinks Soma—absorbs bliss and delight-power—so illumination is from the outset Anandamaya, not dry intellect. No ‘heavens’ (mental formations), no time-process (days/months/years) can limit the surge of this force once it is released; it exceeds gradualism when the decisive contact with delight is made.
Universal truth
When insight is joined to joy, transformation accelerates. Time and old mental ceilings cannot restrain a consciousness that has tasted genuine inner delight and truth.
Themes
Indra’s timeless force, Soma empowerment, Satya affirmation
The seer
- Rishi
- Gāthin Viśvāmitra
- Lineage
- Viśvāmitra (Kauśika lineage, traditional)
- Other hymns
- RV 3.32, RV 3.53, RV 3.62
Family tradition
Emphasis on immediate divine interventions (sadyaḥ) and Soma-delight as catalyst for victory and expansion.
Significance
The seer insists on Satya as experiential fact: the divine power, once born, is naturally drawn to Soma (ānanda) and becomes unstoppable.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra
- Epithets
- Adrogha (faultless), Tavasa (mighty), Soma-pā (Soma-drinker)
- Related deities
- Soma, Agni, Maruts
Cosmic role
Receives Soma to increase power; breaks limitations and expands the worlds.
Inner power
Awakening intelligence fused with bliss; an irresistible forward drive beyond time-bound constraints.
In ritual
Where it is used
Soma-yajña praise highlighting Indra’s Soma-drinking as source of might.
अद्रो॑घ स॒त्यं तव॒ तन्म॑हि॒त्वं स॒द्यो यज्जा॒तो अपि॑बो ह॒ सोम॑म् । न द्याव॑ इन्द्र त॒वस॑स्त॒ ओजो॒ नाहा॒ न मासा॑: श॒रदो॑ वरन्त ॥
अद्रो॑घ । स॒त्यम् । तव॑ । तत् । म॒हि॒ऽत्वम् । स॒द्यः । यत् । जा॒तः । अपि॑बः । ह॒ । सोम॑म् । न । द्यावः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । त॒वसः॑ । ते॒ । ओजः॑ । न । अहा॑ । न । मासाः॑ । श॒रदः॑ । व॒र॒न्त॒ ॥
adrogha | satyam | tava | tat | mahi-tvam | sadyaḥ | yat | jātaḥ | apibaḥ | ha | somam | na | dyāvaḥ | indra | tavasaḥ | te | ojaḥ | na | ahā | na | māsāḥ | śaradaḥ | varanta
44
4 pādas of ~11 syllables each
Swift assertion followed by expansive negations (na…na…na) that feel like breaking boundaries.
Produces a sense of inevitability and unstoppable force; energizes aspiration beyond “it will take years” thinking.
- अद्रोघ (adrogha)
- Literal: non-injuring, without deceit. Symbolic: straight truth-nature; luminous mind free from crooked ego
- सत्यम् (satyam)
- Literal: true. Symbolic: truth-force verified by inner experience
- महि-त्वम् (mahitvam)
- Literal: greatness. Symbolic: amplitude and potency of illumined consciousness
- सद्यः (sadyaḥ)
- Literal: immediately. Symbolic: sudden descent of awakening; instantaneous opening
- जातः (jātaḥ)
- Literal: born. Symbolic: birth of the higher consciousness in the seeker
- सोमम् (somam)
- Literal: Soma. Symbolic: divine bliss, nectar of immortal consciousness
- तवसः (tavasaḥ)
- Literal: mighty. Symbolic: concentrated power of illumination
- ओजः (ojaḥ)
- Literal: strength, vigor. Symbolic: spiritual energy-force that compels progress
- अहा/मासा/शरदः (ahā/māsā/śaradaḥ)
- Literal: days/months/years. Symbolic: the ordinary time-mind and gradual habit-patterns that try to limit growth
Soma praise emphasizing Indra’s immediate empowerment; supports confidence in rapid divine response in the rite
Near Soma offerings; when invoking rapid empowerment and removal of limits.
Recitation with Soma libation; inner act: drink in delight before effort.
For practitioners stuck in slow progress narratives: recite to reframe time and invite sudden openings through joy.
adrogha- ‘non-injuring’ (a- + drogha ‘harm/deceit’) frames Indra as power aligned with satya. apibaḥ from √pā ‘drink’ links Soma to immediate empowerment—Soma as delight that enlarges force. var- (√vṛ) ‘restrain/cover’ echoes Vṛtra’s function: time and heaven cannot ‘cover’ Indra’s ojas.
satya (truth-being), time as limiter vs. divine force beyond time, ojas as concentrated spiritual energy
Indra’s ojas restores right movement; time is subordinated to truth-force when aligned with Ṛta.
Satya is declared as fact (satyam) and confirmed by the immediate Soma-drinking (delight as seal of truth).
Vedic yoga of Soma: bliss as power-source for illumination; time as a lower measure, not ultimate.
Soma = joy-substance; heavens = mental ceilings; time cycles = habitual progression that can be transcended.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Indra’s birth immediately followed by Soma-drinking: the archetype of instant divine empowerment. Inner sense: as soon as the illumined force manifests in the seeker, it takes delight (Soma) and becomes irresistible.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √pā ‘drink’ has Indo-Iranian continuity (Av. pā- ‘to drink/protect’ with semantic branching). The temporal triad ‘days-months-years’ is a poetic totality marker, comparable to inherited IE enumerations that signify ‘no limit at all’.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi asserts satya about Indra to secure certainty: praise becomes a truth-statement that stabilizes invocation. By declaring Indra’s force unrestrained by heaven or time, the seer seeks an un-delayed, unhindered descent of power into the sacrifice and the psyche.
Unite clarity with delight: recall a pure joy, then let insight rise from it.
svadhisthana
‘Soma-breath’: inhale as drawing nectar up the spine; exhale as spreading joy through the mind; keep it gentle to avoid agitation.
Exhilarated lucidity (māda as uplift, not restlessness).
Before difficult inner work, first establish a subtle joy (Soma). Then affirm: ‘no time-cycle can bind this awakening.’ Practice in short, bright sessions rather than strained long effort.
Tri-svara; keep strong udātta on satyam, mahitvam, somam, ojaḥ; the repeated ‘na’ phrases should be even and emphatic.
Do not rush ‘sadyo yaj jāto’; give a clean pāda break after somam; then deliver the ‘na…na…na…’ as boundary-breaking strokes.
adrogha: clear dr cluster, not ‘adroga’, sadyo: palatal y, not j, apibo: short a in a-, clear b, śaradaḥ: retroflex ṣ? here śaradaḥ with ś; keep ś distinct from s
Bright, confident, slightly exultant; avoid shouting—keep it controlled power.
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.
