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Arthashastra 3.13.2: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 13, Sutra 2

परजनस्य पूर्वमध्यमोत्तमवधा दण्डाः क्रेतृश्रोतृऋणां च ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.13.2

parajanasya pūrva-madhyama-uttama-vadhā daṇḍāḥ kretṛ-śrotṛ-ṛṇāṃ ca

就买卖/处置“他人之人”(parajana)而言,刑罚分为初等、中等与最高等;并且责任也及于买方、那位“听从/表示同意者”(中介或批准者)以及债权人。

परजनस्यof an outsider/foreigner (lit. of another person/people)
परजनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपरजन
Formषष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (समूहवाचकः)
पूर्वfirst/lowest (grade)
पूर्व:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; (मध्यमोत्तमवधाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
मध्यमmiddle (grade)
मध्यम:
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; (…वधाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
उत्तमhighest (grade)
उत्तम:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; (…वधाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
वधाःexecutions/capital punishments
वधाः:
TypeNoun
Rootवध
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; (दण्डाः इत्यस्य विशेष्य/समनाधिकरणम्)
दण्डाःpenalties/punishments
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; (वाक्यस्य मुख्यपदम्—दण्डविधानम्)
क्रेतृof buyers
क्रेतृ:
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootक्री
Formषष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (क्रेतॄणाम्), पुंलिङ्ग; कर्तरि तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त (agent noun)
श्रोतृof hearers/witnesses
श्रोतृ:
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootश्रु
Formषष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (श्रोतॄणाम्), पुंलिङ्ग; कर्तरि तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त
ऋणांof debts (i.e., in matters of debt)
ऋणां:
TypeNoun
Rootऋण
Formषष्ठी-बहुवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
A
another person (parajana)
B
buyer
I
intermediary/consenter (śrotṛ)
C
creditor
S
state/judge

FAQs

A graded penalty schedule plus extending culpability to the market participants (buyer/intermediary/creditor), not only the primary wrongdoer.

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