Rig Veda 8.36.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 36, Mantra 4

Sukta 8.36

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) / or associated with Śyāvāśva in the immediate hymn-cycle context (RV 8.36–8.37); exact attribution varies by Anukramaṇī for these verses

Devata: Indra (with Maruts as accompanying powers in the epithet marutvān)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 8.36.4; refrain-like structure with extended cadence)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जनिता दिवो जनिता पृथिव्याः पिबा सोमं मदाय कं शतक्रतो । यं ते भागमधारयन्विश्वाः सेहानः पृतना उरु ज्रयः समप्सुजिन्मरुत्वाँ इन्द्र सत्पते ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.36.4

Transliteration

janitā divó janitā pṛthivyā́ḥ píbā sómaṃ mádāya káṃ śatakrato | yáṃ te bhāgám adhārayan víśvāḥ sehānáḥ pṛ́tanā urú jráyaḥ sám apsu-jín marútvān indra sat-pate ||

Translation

Ngài là Đấng sinh thành của trời, là Đấng sinh thành của đất—hỡi Đấng trăm quyền (Śatakratu), hãy uống Soma để vào cơn hoan lạc thiêng. Với phần đã được đặt cho ngài, hãy khuất phục mọi trận chiến, giành lấy đà tiến rộng khắp và chiến thắng cả trong vực nước sâu; hỡi Indra, Chúa của Chân thật (Satpati), cùng với Maruts.

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Word by Word

• जनिता: begetter, progenitor
• जनिता: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Indra)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: जन् (√jan)

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of heaven’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ)

• जनिता: begetter
• जनिता: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Indra)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: जन् (√jan)

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of earth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (prātipadika)

• पिब: drink!
• पिब: (predicate; addressed to Indra)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (√pā ‘to drink’)

• सोमम्: Soma (the pressed drink)
• सोमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (prātipadika)

• मदाय: for exhilaration
• मदाय: Sampradāna/Purpose (dative of purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (prātipadika ‘intoxication, exhilaration’)

• कम्: indeed/which? (enclitic particle)
• कम्: (discourse particle; with vocative)
• Type: Pronoun/particle
• Root: क (interrog./indef. pronominal stem)

• शतक्रतो: O hundred-powered/ hundred-willed one (Indra)
• शतक्रतो: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: शत-क्रतु (prātipadika, bahuvrīhi epithet)

• यम्: whom/which (that)
• यम्: Karma (object of ‘placed/assigned’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun stem)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive: ‘thy’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (2nd pers. pronoun stem)

• भागम्: share, portion
• भागम्: Karma (object of ‘placed/assigned’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (prātipadika)

• अधारयन्: they placed/assigned
• अधारयन्: (predicate; subject = ‘all’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (√dhṛ ‘to hold, place’ with preverb अधि-)

• विश्वाः: all (of them)
• विश्वाः: Kartā (subject of अधारयन्)
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• सेहानः: prevailing, conquering
• सेहानः: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Participle
• Root: सह् (√sah ‘to prevail, conquer/endure’)

• पृतनाः: battles, hostile hosts
• पृतनाः: Karma (object of ‘overcome/prevail over’ implied with सेहानः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (prātipadika ‘battle, host’)

• उरु: widely, far and wide; broad
• उरु: Viśeṣaṇa (adverbial qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable in form)
• Root: उरु (prātipadika)

• ज्रयः: rush/onslaught, attack
• ज्रयः: Karma (what is ‘won/overcome’ or ‘driven’ in battle-context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्रय (prātipadika; Vedic ‘onset/attack, rush’)

• समप्सुजित्: conqueror in/at the waters (or: winning together with the waters)
• समप्सुजित्: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सम्-अप्-सु-जित् (compound; √जि ‘to conquer’)

• मरुत्वान्: accompanied by the Maruts
• मरुत्वान्: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मरुत्वन्त् (prātipadika ‘possessing the Maruts’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• सत्पते: O lord of the good/true (good lord)
• सत्पते: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: सत्-पति (prātipadika; ‘lord of the good/true’)