Rig Veda 7.9.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 9, Mantra 1

Sukta 7.9

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (book 7 attribution)

Devata: Agni (closely linked with Uṣas imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verify by scansion)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अबोधि जार उषसामुपस्थाद्धोता मन्द्रः कवितमः पावकः । दधाति केतुमुभयस्य जन्तोर्हव्या देवेषु द्रविणं सुकृत्सु ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.9.1

Transliteration

abó̄dhi jārá uṣásām upásthād hótā mandráḥ kavítamaḥ pāvakáḥ | dádhāti ketúm ubháyasya jántor havyā́ devéṣu dráviṇaṃ sukṛ́tsu ||

Translation

Ngài đã thức tỉnh—người tình từ lòng Uṣas: vị tế quan, đấng làm hoan hỷ, bậc hiền tri thấy biết nhất, đấng thanh tẩy. Ngài đặt dấu hiệu và sự phân minh cho hữu thể hai mặt (trong và ngoài); Ngài thiết lập lễ phẩm giữa các thần, và thiết lập của cải nơi những người làm điều thiện.

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Word by Word

• अबोधि: has awakened / awoke
• अबोधि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बुध् (budh) ‘to awaken, perceive’

• जारः: the lover (Agni)
• जारः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जार (prātipadika) ‘lover; (Agni as) intimate friend’

• उषसाम्: of the Dawns
• उषसाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation) / Adhikaraṇa (with upasthāt)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (uṣás-) ‘Dawn’

• उपस्थात्: from/at the presence (lap)
• उपस्थात्: Apādāna (source/point of arising) / Adhikaraṇa (locative sense in usage)
• Type: Noun (adverbial use)
• Root: उपस्थ (upastha-) ‘lap, presence, vicinity’ + abl. ending

• होता: the Hotṛ (invoking priest)
• होता: Kartā (apposition to jārāḥ) / Agent
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (hotṛ́-) ‘invoker, priest’

• मन्द्रः: gladdening, sweet-toned
• मन्द्रः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्द्र (mandrá-) ‘gladdening, pleasant-sounding’

• कवितमः: most seer-like / best poet
• कवितमः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: कवि (kaví-) ‘seer, poet’ + तमप् (superlative)

• पावकः: the purifying one
• पावकः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: पावक (pāvaka-) ‘purifying, pure; fire’

• दधाति: sets/places
• दधाति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (dhā) ‘to place, set, establish’

• केतुम्: a light/sign (banner)
• केतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (ketú-) ‘banner; light; sign, brilliance’

• उभयस्य: of both
• उभयस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Adjective (pronominal)
• Root: उभय (ubháya-) ‘both’

• जन्तोः: of the creature / of the man
• जन्तोः: सम्बन्ध (dependent genitive with ketum: ‘sign of the being’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्तु (jántu-) ‘creature, living being; man’

• हव्या: oblations
• हव्या: Karma (of an implied ‘to convey/offer’ with Agni as hotṛ) / object-domain
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव्य (havyá-) ‘oblation, what is to be invoked/offered’

• देवेषु: among/to the gods
• देवेषु: Sampradāna (recipient sphere) / Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (devá-) ‘god’

• द्रविणम्: wealth
• द्रविणम्: Karma (what is won/brought)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रविण (draviṇa-) ‘wealth, treasure’

• सुकृत्सु: among the well-doers (pious)
• सुकृत्सु: Adhikaraṇa (location/among)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सुकृत् (sukṛ́t-) ‘pious/meritorious one; doer of good’