Rig Veda 5.60.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 60, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.60

Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya (traditional attribution for RV 5.60–5.61 within the Śyāvāśva hymns of Mandala 5)

Devata: Maruts (with Rudra and Pṛśni as their divine parents in the verse’s frame)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.60; verse length and cadence align, though exact pada-scansion should be confirmed against a pada-count source)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अज्येष्ठासो अकनिष्ठास एते सं भ्रातरो वावृधुः सौभगाय । युवा पिता स्वपा रुद्र एषां सुदुघा पृश्निः सुदिना मरुद्भ्यः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.60.5

Transliteration

ajyeṣṭhāso akaniṣṭhāsa ete saṃ bhrātaro vāvṛdhuḥ saubhagāya | yuvā pitā svapā rudra eṣāṃ sudughā pṛśniḥ sudinā marudbhyaḥ ||

Translation

Những (Marut) này chẳng phải “trưởng” cũng chẳng phải “thứ”; như anh em, họ cùng lớn lên để tăng trưởng phúc lạc và cát tường. Cha của họ luôn trẻ—Rudra, đấng có năng lực tự thành tựu. Mẹ họ là Pṛśni, đấng ban phát dồi dào, đem đến ngày lành rực sáng cho các Marut.

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Word by Word

• अज्येष्ठासः: not the eldest (yet)
• अज्येष्ठासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < ज्यै (धातु, ‘to be strong/older’)

• अकनिष्ठासः: not the youngest (either)
• अकनिष्ठासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कनिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < कनिष्/कनिष्ठ (comparative base ‘youngest’)

• एते: these
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, in union
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• भ्रातरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावृधुः: have grown / have increased
• वावृधुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु ‘to grow/increase’), reduplicated perfect stem वावृध्

• सौभगाय: for good fortune
• सौभगाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौभग (प्रातिपदिक) < सु- + भग (‘good fortune’)

• युवा: young
• युवा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिता: father
• पिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वपाः: skilful / of good workmanship
• स्वपाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वपा (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय ‘good-worker, of good craft’) < सु- + पा/प (to work/shape; traditional epithet)

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• एषाम्: of these / of them
• एषाम्: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सुदुघा: well-yielding (in milk)
• सुदुघा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुदुघा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘well-milking’) < सु- + दुह् (धातु ‘to milk’)

• पृश्निः: Pṛśni (the speckled mother)
• पृश्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृश्नि (प्रातिपदिक; name/epithet of the Maruts’ mother, ‘speckled one’)

• सुदिना: with good days / by good season
• सुदिना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुदिन (प्रातिपदिक) < सु- + दिन (‘good day’, ‘good time/season’)

• मरुद्भ्यः: for the Maruts
• मरुद्भ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)