Rig Veda 5.19.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 19, Mantra 3
Sukta 5.19
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (with mention of Śvaitreya as patron/figure in the hymn’s milieu)
Devata: Agni (probable hymn-deity; verse includes descriptive epithets that can attach to Agni or the inspired figure empowered by Agni)
Chandas: Tristubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
आ श्वैत्रेयस्य जन्तवो द्युमद्वर्धन्त कृष्टयः । निष्कग्रीवो बृहदुक्थ एना मध्वा न वाजयुः ॥
Transliteration
ā́ śvaitreyásya jantávo dyumád vardhanta kṛ́ṣṭayaḥ | niṣkágrīvo bṛháduktha enā́ madhvā́ na vājayúḥ ||
Translation
Toward Śvaitreya the peoples and the cultivating races increase in luminous strength; the gold-collared one, of the vast utterance—by this he moves like honey, a seeker of plenitude.
Word by Word
आtowards; forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)
श्वैत्रेयस्यof Śvaitreya
श्वैत्रेयस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक; patronymic from श्वैत्रेय/श्वैत्रेय-)
जन्तवःcreatures; people
जन्तवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
द्यु॒मद्वर्धन्तgrew splendidly; increased in brilliance
द्यु॒मद्वर्धन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवृध् (धातु) + द्युमत् (उपपद/विशेषण)
कृष्टयःthe peoples; communities
कृष्टयः:
कर्तृ (apposition to जन्तवः)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
निष्कग्रीवः(he) with a gold neck-ornament
निष्कग्रीवः:
कर्तृ/विशेष्य-विशेषण (subject epithet)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक; niṣka- ‘gold ornament’ + grīva- ‘neck’ → ‘having a niṣka on the neck’)
बृहदुक्थः(he) of great hymn; great-chanting
बृहदुक्थः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहद् + उक्त्थ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘great’ + ‘hymn/chant’)
एनाwith this; thereby
एना:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootएना (सर्वनाम/अव्यय-प्रयोग; instr. of एतद् in Vedic: ‘by this/therewith’)
मध्वाwith sweetness; with honey/mead
मध्वा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike; as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
वाजयुःthe prize-seeker; racer (striving for the prize)
वाजयुः:
कर्तृ (of implied verb ‘(he) goes/strives’)
TypeNoun
Rootवाजयु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘seeking/impelling prize, eager for victory’)
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