Rig Veda 2.24.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 24, Mantra 3

Sukta 2.24

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditionally for RV 2.24)

Devata: Brahmaṇaspati / Bṛhaspati (as opener of Vala and revealer of svar)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तद्देवानां देवतमाय कर्त्वमश्रथ्नन्दृळ्हाव्रदन्त वीळिता । उद्गा आजदभिनद्ब्रह्मणा वलमगूहत्तमो व्यचक्षयत्स्वः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.24.3

Transliteration

tád devā́nāṃ devátamāya kártvam áśrathnan dṛḷhā́ ávradanta vīḷitā́ | úd gā́ ā́jad abhínad bráhmaṇā válam ágūhat támo ví acakṣayat svàr ||

Translation

This was the deed for the most divine among the gods: they loosened what was hard-bound and broke the firm resistances; the Cows rose upward; by the Word he cleft Vala, he drove away the darkness and made the Sun-world manifest.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that (deed/act)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवतमा॒य: to the most divine (one)
• देवतमा॒य: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देवतमा (प्रातिपदिक; देव + -तम)

• कर्त्वम्: deed, act, exploit
• कर्त्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्त्व (प्रातिपदिक; कर्तृ/कृ-सम्बद्ध भाव)

• अश्रथ्नन्: they loosened, unbound
• अश्रथ्नन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रथ् (धातु)

• दृळ्हा: firm, strong
• दृळ्हा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृळ्ह (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रदान्त: having barriers/closures; obstructing
• व्रदान्त: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्रद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बन्ध/आवरण’ अर्थे) + अन्त (बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासान्त)

• वीळिता: enclosed, shut in
• वीळिता: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीळित (प्रातिपदिक; √वीळ/वील् ‘आवरणे/संवरणे’ क्त)

• उत्: up, out
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत्

• गाः: cows (rays/wealth)
• गाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• आजत्: he drove forth, impelled
• आजत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अज् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• अभि: towards, against
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• नदत्: he roared
• नदत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (धातु)

• ब्रह्मणा: with sacred utterance/prayer
• ब्रह्मणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वलम्: Vala (the cave/obstruction)
• वलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वल (प्रातिपदिक)

• अगूहत्: he concealed
• अगूहत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: गूह् (धातु) + अ (उपसर्ग)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, asunder
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि

• अचक्षयत्: he made visible, revealed
• अचक्षयत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चक्ष् (धातु) + वि (उपसर्ग)

• स्वः: heaven, light (the sky)
• स्वः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्/स्वः (प्रातिपदिक)