Rig Veda 10.95.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 95, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.95

Devata: Dialogue context (Purūravas speaking about forces/kratu); no single devatā, but the play of vīra-śakti and turbulent dhunayaḥ

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इषुर्न श्रिय इषुधेरसना गोषाः शतसा न रंहिः । अवीरे क्रतौ वि दविद्युतन्नोरा न मायुं चितयन्त धुनयः ॥

Transliteration

íṣur ná śríya iṣudhér asanā́ goṣā́ḥ śatasā́ ná raṃhíḥ | avī́re krátau ví davidyutat nórā ná māyúṃ citayanta dhúnayaḥ ||

Translation

శోభకై బాణంలా, ఇషుధి (తూణీరు) లోని నిల్వలాగా, గో-లాభంలా, వందల వేగంలా—అలాగే మా క్రతు (దృఢ సంకల్పం) మెరిపింది. కాని క్రతులో వీరుడు లేకపోతే, ఈ ధునయః (కంపింపజేసే శక్తులు) పిలుపును వినవు; వ్యాకుల ప్రయత్నపు మాయుం (ఆర్తనాదం) ను కూడా గుర్తించవు.

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Word by Word

• इषुः: an arrow
• इषुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इषु- (प्रातिपदिक) < √इष्/इष् (गत्यर्थ/इच्छार्थ; ‘to impel, shoot’)

• न: like; as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• श्रिये: for splendor/fortune
• श्रिये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री- (प्रातिपदिक) < √श्रि (आश्रयणे/शोभायाम्)

• इषुधेः: of the quiver
• इषुधेः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: इषुधि- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘quiver’

• असना: a cast/shot (missile)
• असना: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: असन- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘throwing, casting; missile’

• गोषाः: cow-winnings; gains
• गोषाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो-षा- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘cow-winning, gain of cattle’

• शतसा: by hundreds; hundredfold
• शतसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (numeral) / Noun
• Root: शत- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘hundred’

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• रंहिः: speed; swift rush
• रंहिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रंहि- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘speed, rush; impetuosity’

• अवीरे: in a hero-less (manless) state
• अवीरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-वीर- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘without heroes/men’

• क्रतौ: in (his/your) resolve; in will/plan
• क्रतौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘resolve, will, power; rite’

• वि: apart; forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• दविद्युतत्: flashed forth; shone out
• दविद्युतत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √द्युत् (दीप्तौ) with reduplication (वि- + द-विद्युत्)

• नौरा: a boat
• नौरा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: नौ- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘boat, ship’

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• मायुम्: the roaring one (bellowing creature)
• मायुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मायु- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘roarer, bellowing one; (often) bull/animal’

• चितयन्त: they noticed; they perceived
• चितयन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चेतने/संज्ञाने) causative stem चितय-

• धुनयः: the roarers (winds/waves)
• धुनयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धुनि- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘roaring, resounding; roarers (winds/waves)’