Rig Veda 10.113.10: Mandala 10, Sukta 113, Mantra 10
Sukta 10.113
- Devata
- Indra
- Chandas
- Trishtubh
- Rasa
- Shanta (peace) and Vira (heroism)
त्वं पुरूण्या भरा स्वश्व्या येभिर्मंसै निवचनानि शंसन् । सुगेभिर्विश्वा दुरिता तरेम विदो षु ण उर्विया गाधमद्य ॥
tváṃ purū́ṇy ā́ bharā́ svaśvyā́ yébhir maṃsái nivácanāni śáṃsan | sugébhir viśvā́ duritā́ tarema vidó ṣú ṇa urviyā́ gā́dham adyá ||
ఓ ఇంద్రా, నీ సుఅశ్వయుక్త శక్తులతో మా కొరకు అనేక సమృద్ధులను మోసుకొని రా—వాటిచేత ప్రేరితమైన మననంలో మేము స్థిరమైన వచనాలను శంసిస్తాము. సుగమగమనాలతో మేము సమస్త దురితాలను దాటుదుము; ఓ విదో, ఈనాడు మాకు విశాలమైన, దృఢమైన ఆధారాన్ని ప్రసాదించు.
Word by Word
- त्वम्
- thou, youPronounपुं/स्त्री/नपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- पुरूणि
- many (things)Adjectiveनपुंसक; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot पुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
- आ
- towards, hitherIndeclinableउपसर्ग (क्रियाविशेषक)Root आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- भर
- bring, bearVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ); मध्यम; एकवचन; परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot √भृ (भरणे)
- स्वश्व्या
- with good horses / by (thy) good-horsed powerAdjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचन (साधन/हेतु-भावे)Role करणRoot स्वश्व्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सु-अश्व’/‘स्व-अश्व’ भावः: having good/own horses)
- येभिः
- with which (means), by whichPronounपुं/नपुं; तृतीया; बहुवचनRole करणRoot यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- मंसैः
- with pieces of flesh / with meats (offerings)Nounपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया; बहुवचनRole करणRoot मंस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘मांस’/‘मंस’—flesh, pieces of meat; RV usage)
- निवचनानि
- utterances, formulasNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot निवचन (प्रातिपदिक; नि-√वच् → ‘utterance, expression’)
- शंसन्
- praising, proclaimingVerbवर्तमान कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय; प्रथमा; एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग (कर्तरि)Role कर्तृ (सहायक-क्रिया: ‘praising/reciting’)Root √शंस् (स्तुतौ/आख्याने)
- सुगेभिः
- with good paths / by good passagesAdjectiveपुं/नपुं; तृतीया; बहुवचनRole करणRoot सुग (प्रातिपदिक; सु-ग ‘good-going’, easy passage)
- विश्वा
- allAdjectiveनपुंसक; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
- दुरितानि
- difficulties, sins, misfortunesNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot दुरित (प्रातिपदिक)
- तरेम
- may we cross overVerbविधिलिङ्/लोट्-आशय (प्रार्थना/संभावना); उत्तम; बहुवचन; परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot √तॄ (तरणे)
- विदः
- the knower (wise one)Nounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृ/सम्बोधन-भाव (देवविशेष-उपाधि)Root विद् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knower’ from √विद्)
- षु
- indeed, justIndeclinableनिपातRoot षु (निपात; वैदिक-प्रयोगे ‘indeed/now’)
- नः
- for us / of usPronounषष्ठी/चतुर्थी; बहुवचन (एन्क्लिटिक)Role सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्धRoot अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- उर्विया
- with broadness, with wide (space)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचनRole करणRoot उर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
- गाधम्
- a ford, firm footing, safe depthNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्मRoot गाध (प्रातिपदिक)
- अद्य
- today, nowIndeclinableकालवाचक-अव्ययRole अधिकरण (काल)Root अद्य (अव्यय)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेदः (वैदिक-सन्धि-निरसन): त्वं | पुरूणि | आ | भर | स्वश्व्या | येभिः | मंसैः | निवचनानि | शंसन् | सुगेभिः | विश्वा | दुरितानि | तरेम | विदः | षु | नः | उर्विया | गाधम् | अद्य । 1) ‘येभिर्मंसैः’ = येभिः + मंसैः (विसर्ग-लोप/रेफ-सन्धि: ः + म → र्म्). 2) ‘सुगेभिर्विश्वा’ = सुगेभिः + विश्वा (विसर्ग-लोप/रेफ-सन्धि: ः + व → र्व्). 3) ‘दुरिता तरेम’ = दुरितानि (पदपाठे) + तरेम
- संहितायां ‘दुरिता’ इति रूपं नपुंसक-द्वितीया-बहुवचनस्य वैदिक-प्रयोगे (अन्त्य-नि लोप/पदभेद) इव दृश्यते
- पदच्छेदे अर्थानुसारं ‘दुरितानि’ ग्राह्यम्. 4) ‘विदो षु ण’ = विदः + षु + नः
- ‘ण’ इति संहितालिप्यां ‘नः’ एन्क्लिटिकस्य संक्षेप-प्रदर्शनम्
The meaning
Outer meaning
Bring us many plenitudes, Indra, with your good-horsed powers by which, in inspired thinking, we affirm the settled words. With good goings may we cross all difficulties; you who know, grant us today a wide firm foundation.
Inner meaning
Indra is asked to bring plenitudes (purūṇi) through ‘good horses’ (svaśvyā)—rightly directed vital energies that carry the consciousness forward. In manas (inspired thinking) we confirm the nivacanāni—stable formulations of truth, inner directives received in clarity. With suga (good paths) we cross duritā—distresses and wrong turnings of the journey. Indra as vid (knower) grants urviyā gādham: a wide, deep, secure base—an established poise in consciousness from which progress becomes safe and rapid.
Universal truth
True prosperity is the abundance of energies rightly guided by insight; when our thought affirms stable truths and we walk good paths, difficulties are crossed and a firm inner foundation is established.
Themes
prayer for plenitude, crossing difficulties, guidance by knowledge, establishing a firm foundation
The seer
Significance
A classic ‘sādhana prayer’ tone: it asks not for outer gain alone but for the inner conditions of progress—right energy, right thought, safe passage, and a stable foundation.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra
- Epithets
- svaśva (good-horsed), vid (knower), durgātṛ (implied: he who helps cross difficulties)
- Related deities
- Pūṣan (path-finder), Agni (leader of sacrifice), Sarasvatī (inspired speech)
Cosmic role
Guide and protector of the journey; giver of strength and wide space (uru).
Inner power
Illumined leadership that harnesses life-force to truth and establishes a broad, steady consciousness.
In ritual
Where it is used
Concluding request: safe passage and foundation; inner use: prayer for right movement (su-gā) and stable wideness (uru-gādha) in the path
त्वं पु॒रूण्या भ॑रा॒ स्वश्व्या॒ येभि॒र्मंसै॑ नि॒वच॑नानि॒ शंस॑न् । सु॒गेभि॒र्विश्वा॑ दुरि॒ता त॑रेम वि॒दो षु ण॑ उर्वि॒या गा॒धम॒द्य ॥
त्वम् । पु॒रूणि॑ । आ । भ॒र॒ । सु॒ऽअश्व्या॑ । येभिः॑ । मंसै॑ । नि॒ऽवच॑नानि । शंस॑न् । सु॒ऽगेभिः॑ । विश्वा॑ । दुः॒ऽइ॒ता । त॒रे॒म॒ । वि॒दः । सु । नः॒ । उ॒र्वि॒या । गा॒धम् । अ॒द्य ॥
tvam | purūṇi | ā | bhara | su-aśvyā | yebhiḥ | maṃsai | ni-vacanāni | śaṃsan | su-gebhiḥ | viśvā | duḥ-itā | tarema | vidaḥ | su | naḥ | urviyā | gādham | adya
44
4 x ~11 syllables
Supplicatory yet vigorous; ‘journey’ cadence
Creates confidence and forward movement; stabilizes the mind with a sense of ‘wide ground’.
- पुरूणि (purūṇi)
- Literal: many, abundant. Symbolic: plenitudes of force, joy, knowledge, and capacities
- सुअश्व्या (su-aśvyā / svaśvyā)
- Literal: with good horses. Symbolic: rightly harnessed vital energies; forces of action obedient to the light
- मंसै (maṃsai)
- Literal: in mind/thinking. Symbolic: inspired mentality; reflective-intuitive thought
- निवचनानि (nivacanāni)
- Literal: settled words/formulations. Symbolic: fixed inner truths; guiding mantric determinations
- शंसन् (śaṃsan)
- Literal: praising/affirming. Symbolic: conscious assent to the truth; strengthening by affirmation
- सुगेभिः (sugebhiḥ)
- Literal: with good goings/paths. Symbolic: right movements of life; auspicious progress
- दुरिता (duritā)
- Literal: difficulties, misfortunes. Symbolic: errors, confusions, suffering-states, obstacles on the path
- विदः (vidaḥ)
- Literal: knower. Symbolic: the luminous intelligence that knows the right way and measure
- उर्विया गाधम् (urviyā gādham)
- Literal: wide foundation/depth. Symbolic: stable wideness and depth of consciousness (spacious base)
Concluding request: safe passage and foundation; inner use: prayer for right movement (su-gā) and stable wideness (uru-gādha) in the path
Invoked for safe passage, success, and establishment—both in sacrifice and life-journeys
Prayer for plenitude and crossing duritā; blessing for foundation
Chant before travel, exams, major decisions; also as daily invocation for steady progress and groundedness.
√bhṛ ‘bring’ frames the request for purūṇi (abundances) as inner plenitudes. su-aśvya: aśva often functions as dynamic energy/force; ‘good-horsed’ = well-directed powers that carry consciousness forward. duḥ-itā literally ‘badly gone’ → difficulties as wrong movements; su-gebhiḥ ‘well-goings’ is the remedy. √tṛ ‘cross’ is a key soteriological verb. gādha ‘ford/depth’ becomes ‘secure ground’—a paradox of depth as stability; urviyā supplies wideness as the condition for firm footing.
right movement vs. wrong movement (su-gā vs duḥ-itā), knowledge (vid) as guiding power, wideness (uru) as liberation-condition
Suga represents movement aligned with ṛta—right going.
Truth becomes ‘settled word’ guiding action and preventing duritā.
Establishing wide space (uru) against constriction; building a foundation for higher becoming.
Vedic wideness doctrine (uru/bṛhat) aligned with integral realization
Harnessed vital energies carry one along right inner pathways; the consciousness finds a broad, stable ground beyond constriction and trouble.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The ‘crossing’ mythologem: the seeker asks for right paths and safe passage over all duḥ-itā (misgoings), culminating in a wide firm ground. Innerly, it is the transition from perilous, distorted movement to a stable, widened consciousness supported by Indra’s dynamic powers.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √tṛ ‘cross’ aligns with a common IE motif of crossing danger toward safety (cf. semantic parallels across IE traditions). √vid ‘know’ is pan-IE (PIE *weyd-). The opposition duḥ- vs su- (‘bad’ vs ‘good’) is inherited IE polarity, here mapped onto movement (ita/√i, √gam) to express moral-psychological navigation.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi requests not material gain but functional supports for the path: plenitudes of force, right movement, and stable wideness. The devotee offers ‘settled words’ (ni-vacanāni) with inspired thought (maṃsā), and Indra as vidaḥ (knower) reciprocates by granting guidance and foundation—an exchange of speech and power culminating in safe crossing.
Ask for rightly directed energy and a wide, stable base of awareness; affirm inner truths and proceed stepwise.
mūlādhāra (foundation)
Slow diaphragmatic breathing; visualize ‘urviyā gādham’ as widening ground on each inhale
Stable wideness with forward capacity
Select one ‘settled word’ (nivacana)—a concise inner truth you will live today. Chant, then sit and feel the body as grounded, the mind as wide, and the life-force as well-harnessed steeds.
Keep udātta prominence on tvám, purū́ṇi, su-áśvyā, su-gébhis; exact pitch contours require a marked svara text.
Let the prayer unfold: strong opening ‘tvam’; brighten on su-aśvyā; slow and broaden on ‘urviyā gādham adya’.
: su-aśvyā—separate vowels lightly, keep śv cluster clear, : du-ri-tā—short u/i, long ā at end, : gā-dham—long ā; dh aspirated
Warm, steady, expansive; lengthen vowels on ‘uru/urviyā’ phrases
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