Valmiki Ramayana 2.91.46: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 46

भरद्वाजाश्रमे भरतसैन्यस्य दिव्यात्मिथ्यम् / Divine Hospitality to Bharata’s Army at Bharadvaja’s Hermitage

Devanagari script

नारदस्तुम्भुरुर्गोपः प्रवरास्सूर्यवर्चसः ।

एते गन्धर्वराजानो भरतस्याग्रतो जगुः ॥४६॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.91.46

Transliteration

nāradas tumbhurur gopaḥ pravarāḥ sūryavarcasaḥ |

ete gandharvarājāno bharatasyāgrato jaguḥ ||46||

Translation

నారదుడు, తుంబురుడు, గోపుడు—సూర్యవర్చస్సుతో ప్రకాశించే శ్రేష్ఠ గంధర్వరాజులు—వీరందరూ భరతుని ముందర గానం చేశారు।

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Word by Word

• नारदः: Nārada
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (proper noun)
• Role: कर्ता (Karta; member of subject group)

• तुम्भुरुः: Tumburu
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुम्भुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (proper noun)
• Role: कर्ता (Karta; member of subject group)

• गोपः: Gopa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (proper noun)
• Role: कर्ता (Karta; member of subject group)

• प्रवराः: excellent, distinguished
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रवर (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — agreeing with ‘गन्धर्वराजानः/एते’
• Role: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)

• सूर्य-वर्चसः: sun-radiant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्चस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास: सूर्यस्य वर्चः यस्य/येषाम्; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘having sun-like radiance’
• Role: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
• Compound: Bahuvrihi

• एते: these
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — demonstrative ‘these’
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)

• गन्धर्व-राजानः: kings among Gandharvas
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: गन्धर्वाणां राजानः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/Subject apposition)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• भरतस्य: of Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
• Role: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)

• अग्रतः: in front (of)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अग्रतः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक (adverb of place: ‘in front’)
• Role: अधिकरण (Locative sense)

• जगुः: sang
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गै (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
• Role: क्रिया (Verb)

Sandhi Notes

• नारदस्तुम्भुरुः → नारदः + तुम्भुरुः
• प्रवरास्सूर्यवर्चसः → प्रवराः + सूर्यवर्चसः
• भरतस्याग्रतः → भरतस्य + अग्रतः

Context

There along with Narada, Tumburu and Gopa, distinguished kings of the gandharvas, looking bright like the Sun, began to sing in the presence of Bharata.

The teaching

When dharma is upheld, even the cosmos responds with auspicious harmony—noble action draws noble accompaniment.

Ethical theme

Dharma-affirmation / encouragement

How it resolves

Affirmation/encouragement

Devotion and practice

Using sacred music (kīrtana/nāma-saṅkīrtana) to steady resolve and purify intention; honoring satpuruṣas.

Form of praise

Vandana (salutation)

Mood and themes

Rasa

Adbhuta (wonder), with Shanta (peace)

Mood

Auspicious, resonant, uplifting

Themes

• Dharma
• Itihasa
• Ethics
• Honor
• Ritual hospitality
• Sacred music

Symbolism

Relationships

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Nārada
• Tumburu
• gandharvas
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Honoring the righteous through fitting welcome: dharma includes showing reverence to worthy guests and leaders, using arts in a dignified way.

What is the narrative situation?

Celestial gandharvas appear and perform music in Bharata’s presence during Bharadvāja’s reception.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s worthiness (pātratā): such honors are portrayed as naturally accruing to a dharmic person.