Rig Veda 8.40.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 2

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional for this hymn)

Devata: Indra (within an Indrāgnī hymn-frame; this verse foregrounds Indra)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नहि वां वव्रयामहेऽथेन्द्रमिद्यजामहे शविष्ठं नृणां नरम् । स नः कदा चिदर्वता गमदा वाजसातये गमदा मेधसातये नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.40.2

Transliteration

náhi vā́ṃ vavráyāmahe ’théndram íd yajāmahe śáviṣṭhaṃ nṛṇā́ṃ náram | sá naḥ kadā́ cíd árvatā gámadā́ vā́ja-sātaye gámadā́ médha-sātaye nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

We do not seek to bar you out; rather we sacrifice to Indra alone, the most mighty, the hero among men. May he come to us sometime with his steed for the winning of vāja, the plenitude of force, and for the winning of medhā, the luminous intelligence; may the others be driven away in the same arena.

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Word by Word

• नहि: surely not / indeed not
• नहि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नहि (न + हि)

• वाम्: you two (acc./gen.)
• वाम्: कर्म (यजामहे/वव्रयामहे इत्यस्य) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• वव्रयामहे: we have chosen (for ourselves)
• वव्रयामहे: कर्तृ (वयम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) ‘वरणे/वृणुते’

• अथ: then / and then
• अथ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (यजामहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• इत्: indeed / just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (इद्)

• यजामहे: we worship / we sacrifice to
• यजामहे: कर्तृ (वयम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यज्

• शविष्ठम्: the most mighty
• शविष्ठम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शविष्ठ (शवस्-तमप्)

• नृणाम्: of men
• नृणाम्: सम्बन्ध (नरम् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ

• नरम्: the man/hero
• नरम्: कर्म (यजामहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ (गमदाति)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• नः: to us / for us
• नः: सम्प्रदान (आगमनस्य) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• कदा: when
• कदा: अधिकरण (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा

• चित्: even / ever
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित्

• अर्वता: with a steed / by (his) horse
• अर्वता: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्वत्

• गमदात्: may he come
• गमदात्: कर्तृ (सः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम्

• वाजसातये: for winning prizes/strength
• वाजसातये: सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाजसाति

• गमदात्: may he come
• गमदात्: कर्तृ (सः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम्

• मेधसातये: for winning wisdom/skill
• मेधसातये: सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेधसाति

• नभन्ताम्: let them burst forth / let them spring up
• नभन्ताम्: कर्तृ (ते/अन्ये)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नभ्

• अन्यके: in another (assembly) / among others
• अन्यके: अधिकरण (समे इत्यस्य) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्यक

• समे: in the gathering/assembly
• समे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम